Research on the experiences of employees has been plentiful over the last decade; however, work examining the experiences of collegiate recreation employees is limited. In order to enhance employee well-being, it is important that management understands the experiences of their employees and can invest in job supports that best suit the needs of their employees. Therefore, this research study examined the impact of work and family conflict, workaholism, work engagement, burnout, and coping on employees within the industry of collegiate recreation. In this study, 2,474 National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) professional and student members were sent a survey in which 621 participated and 522 were analyzed. Results indicate employees with young children and those in early career positions may experience significant work–family conflict/family–work conflict and burnout.
AlarconG. M. (2011). A meta-analysis of burnout with job demands, resources, and attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 549–562.
2.
AnshelM. H.KangM.JubenvilleC. (2013). Sources of acute sport stress scale for sports officials: Rasch calibration. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 362–370.
3.
AntoniouA. S.PloumpiA.NtallaM. (2013). Occupational stress and professional burnout in teachers of primary and secondary education: The role of coping strategies. Psychology, 4(3A), 349–355.
4.
BakkerA. B.AlbrechtS. (2018). Work engagement: Current trends. Career Development International, 23, 4–11.
5.
BrueningJ. E.DixonM. A. (2008). Situating work-family negotiations within a life course perspective: Insights on the gendered experiences of NCAA Division I head coaching mothers. Sex Roles, 58, 10–23.
6.
BuzzelliA. (2017). “It made me want to be that spark”: A case study of the experiences of college student group exercise instructors. Recreational Sports Journal, 41(2), 144–155.
7.
CooperC. L.LeiterM. P. (Eds.). (2017). The Routledge companion to wellbeing at work. Taylor & Francis.
8.
CunninghamG. B.SagasM.DixonM.KentA.TurnerB. A. (2005). Anticipated career satisfaction, affective occupational commitment, and intentions to enter the sport management profession. Journal of Sport Management, 19, 43–57.
9.
DabbsS.GrahamJ. A.DixonM. A. (2016). Socio-cultural perspectives of the work-life interface of college coaches: A cohort analysis. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 9, 262–282.
10.
FolkmanS.LazarusR. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219–239.
11.
GoodgerK.GorelyT.LavalleeD.HarwoodC. (2007). Burnout in sport: A systematic review. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 127–151.
12.
GreenhausJ. H.BeutellN. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Journal, 10, 76–88.
13.
GuestD. E. (2017). Human resource management and employee well-being: Towards a new analytic framework. Human Resource Management Journal, 27(1), 22–38.
14.
GustafssonH.KenttäG.HassménP. (2011). Athlete burnout: An integrated model and future research directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(1), 3–24.
15.
KaltenbaughL. P. (2009). A study on job satisfaction among campus recreation administrators at four-year public and private institutions. Recreational Sports Journal, 33, 89–101.
16.
KristensenT. S.BorritzM.VilladsenE.ChristensenK. B. (2005). The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work & Stress, 19(3), 192–207.
17.
LeeY. H.ChelladuraiP. (2018). Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, coach burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in sport leadership. European Sport Management Quarterly, 18, 393–412.
18.
LewisR. (1999). Teachers coping with the stress of classroom discipline. Social Psychology of Education, 3(3), 155–171.
19.
MartinE.UnfriedA.BeckhamG. (2019). Club rugby, the university student collegiate experience, and perceived gains. Recreational Sports Journal, 43(1), 12–21.
20.
MartinezJ. M.BarnhillC.OttoM.MossoA. (2019). The influence of managerial practices and job-related characteristics on employee perceptions of service quality and turnover intention. Recreational Sports Journal, 43(1), 35–42.
21.
MaslachC.JacksonS. E.LeiterM. P. (1996). MBI: The Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press.
NetemeyerR. G.BolesJ. S.McMurrianR. (1996). Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400.
24.
NewtonT. J.KeenanA. (1985). Coping with work-related stress. Human Relations, 38(2), 107–126.
25.
PtacekJ. T.SmithR. E.DodgeK. L. (1994). Gender differences in coping with stress: When stressor and appraisals do not differ. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(4), 421–430.
26.
RobinsonB. E. (1999). The work addiction risk test: Development of a tentative measure of workaholism. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88(1), 199–210.
27.
RossC. M.YoungS. J.SturtsJ. R.KimK. T. (2014). Personal correlates impacting job satisfaction among campus recreational sport employees. International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation & Tourism, 14, 68–96.
28.
SchaufeliW. B.BakkerA. B.SalanovaM. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716.
29.
SchaufeliW. B.BakkerA. B.Van der HeijdenF. M.PrinsJ. T. (2009). Workaholism, burnout and well-being among junior doctors: The mediating role of role conflict. Work & Stress, 23(2), 155–172.
30.
SchaufeliW. B.SalanovaM.Gonzalez-RomaV.BakkerA. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A confirmative analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.
31.
SlempG. R.KernM. L.Vella-BrodrickD. A. (2015). Workplace well-being: The role of job crafting and autonomy support. Psychology of Well-being, 5(1), 7.
32.
StankowskiC. L.TrauntveinN. E.HallS. L. (2017). I use the student recreation center, but I would use it more if…: Understanding male and female constraints to student recreation center use. Recreational Sports Journal, 41(1), 55–66.
33.
TaylorE. A.HumlM.DixonM. (2019). Workaholism in sport: A mediated model of work–family conflict and burnout. Journal of Sport Management, 33(2), 249–260.
34.
TurnerB.ChelladuraiP. (2005). Organizational and occupational commitment, intention to leave, and perceived performance of intercollegiate coaches. Journal of Sport Management19(2), 193–211.
35.
TurnerB.JordanD. (2019). An exploration of collegiate outdoor recreation professionals’ personality traits and job affect. Recreational Sports Journal, 43(1), 22–34.
36.
WallaceJ. E.YoungM. C. (2008). Parenthood and productivity: A study of demands, resources, and family-friendly firms. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72(1), 110–122.
37.
ZhangJ. J.DeMicheleD. J.ConnaughtonD. P. (2004). Job satisfaction among mid-level collegiate campus recreation program administrators. Journal of Sport Behavior, 27(2), 184–212.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
