Previous research demonstrated the importance of a healthy instructional environment characterized by institutional support and positivity for student learning. Furthermore, classroom climate is impacted by the qualities of the students and the other individuals in the classroom. Accordingly, the goal of this article was to investigate the independent and collective influence of instructor and student confirmation (i.e., communication of value and significance), classroom connectedness (i.e., perceptions of support and cooperation), and self-efficacy (i.e., beliefs about personal capabilities) on student learning. Three hundred and fifty-five students provided responses to measures of instructor confirmation, student confirmation, classroom connectedness, self-efficacy, and learning. Results indicated that classroom connectedness mediated the associations between instructor and student confirmation, and learning. In addition, self-efficacy moderated the association between classroom connectedness and learning.
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