Serum total antioxidant activity (TAA), albumin and uric acid were measured on admission, and for the next 2 days in 56 patients suffering myocardial infarction, 20 of whom received streptokinase. The ‘antioxidant gap’, the difference between the serum TAA and the sum of the serum albumin and uric acid activity, was calculated. No significant changes in serum total antioxidant activity were observed in either group of patients between admission, day 1 and day 2. However, a decline in the ‘antioxidant gap’ after myocardial infarction was associated with a significantly higher mortality.
GeyKFPuskaPJordanPMoserUK. Inverse correlation between plasma vitamin E and mortality from ischaemic heart disease in cross cultural epidemiology. Am J Clin Nutr1991; 53: 326S–34S.
2.
StampferMJHennekensCHMansonJEColditzGARosnerBWilletWC. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. N Eng J Med1993; 328: 1444–9.
3.
RimmEBStampferMJAscherioAGiovannucciEColditzGAWilletWC. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Eng J Med1993; 328: 1450–6.
4.
GazianoJMMansonJEBuringJEHennekensCH. Dietary antioxidants and cardiovascular disease. Ann NY Acad Sci1992; 669: 249–58.
5.
GeyKFBrubacherGBStahelinHB. Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in relation to ischaemic heart disease and cancer. Am J Clin Nutr1987; 45: 1368–77.
6.
AznarJSantosMTVallesJSalaJ. Serum malondialdehyde-like material in acute myocardial infarction. J Clin Pathol1983; 36: 712–5.
7.
BelchJJFChopraMTweddelAHuttonICobbeASmithWE. Changes in redox status of blood in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In: Rice-EvansCADormandyT, eds. Free Radicals—Chemistry Pathology and Medicine. London: Richelieu Press, 1988; 321–2.
8.
MullhollandCWStrainJJ. Serum total free radical trapping ability in acute myocardial infarction. Clin Biochem1991; 24: 437–41.
9.
CoghlanJGFlitterWDHolleyAENorellMMitchellAGIlsleyCDDetection of free radicals and cholesterol hydroperoxides in blood taken from the coronary sinus of man during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Free Rad Res Commun1991; 14: 409–17.
10.
OldroydKGPatersonJRRumleyAGEteibaHRaeAPShepherdJCoronary venous lipid peroxide concentrations after coronary angioplasty: Correlation with biochemical and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischaemia. Br Heart J1992; 68: 43–7.
11.
McMurrayJChopraMAbdullahISmithWEDargieHJ. Evidence for oxidative stress in unstable angina. Br Heart J1992; 68: 454–7.
12.
GarlickPBDaviesMJHearseDJSlaterTF. Direct detection of free radicals in the reperfused rat heart using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Circulation Res1987; 61: 757–60.
13.
DaviesSWRanjadayalanKWickensDGDormandyTLUmachandranVTimmisAD. Free radical activity and left ventricular function after thrombolysis for acute infarction. Br Heart J1990; 64: 114–20.
14.
DaviesSWUnderwoodSMWickensDGFeneckRODormandyTLWalesbyRK. Systemic pattern of free radical generation during coronary bypass surgery. Br Heart J1990; 64: 236–40.
15.
CoghlanJGFlitterWDCluttonSMIlsleyCDReesASlaterTF. Lipid peroxidation and changes in vitamin E levels during coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg1993; 106: 268–74.
16.
RanjadayalanKUmachandranVDaviesSWSyndercombe-CourtDGutteridgeCNTimmisAD. Thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: Neutrophil activation, peripheral leucocyte responses and myocardial injury. Br Heart J1991; 66: 10–14.
17.
MillerNJRice-EvansCDaviesMJGopinathanVMilnerA. A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. Clin Sci1993; 84: 407–12.
18.
JohnstonJDCollinsonPORosalkiSB. MIDAS: Myocardial infarction diagnosis by assessment of slope. Am Clin Biochem1993; 30: 407–9.
19.
HeXMCarterDC. Atomic structure and chemistry of human serum albumin. Nature1992; 358: 209–15.
20.
HalliwellBGutteridgeJMC. The antioxidants of human extracellular fluids. Arch Biochem Biophys1990; 280: 1–8.
21.
RadiRBushKMCosgroveTPFreemanBA. Reaction of xanthine oxidase-derived oxidants with lipid and protein of human plasma. Arch Biochem Biophys1991; 286: 117–25.
22.
GoslingPHughesEAReynoldsTMFoxJP. Microalbuminaria is an early response following myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J1991: 12: 508–13.
23.
EllekildeGvon EybenFEHolmJHemmingsenL. Above-normal excretion of albumin and retinolbinding protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem1993; 39: 2350–1.
24.
AmesBNCathcartRSchwiersEHochsteinP. Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci1981; 78: 6858–62.
25.
LindemanJHNVan Zoeren-GrobbenmDSchrijverJSpeekAJPoorthuisBHJMBergerHM. The total free radical-trapping ability of cord blood plasma in preterm and term babies. Pediatr Res1989; 26: 20–4.
26.
WaynerDDMBurtonGWIngoldKUBarclayLRCLockeSJ. The relative contributions of vitamin E, urate, ascorbate and proteins to the total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant activity of human blood plasma. Biochem Biophys Acta1987; 925: 409–19.
27.
Rice-EvansCAMillerNJBolwellPGBramleyPMPridhamJB. The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids. Free Rad Res1995; 22: 375–83.
28.
Axford-GatelyRAWilsonGJ. Reduction of experimental myocardial infarct size by oral administration of α-tocopherol. Cardiovase Res1991; 25: 89–92.
29.
HenseHWStenderMBorsWKeilU. Lack of an association between serum vitamin E and myocardial infarction in a population with high vitamin E levels. Atherosclerosis1993; 103: 21–8.
30.
StreetDAComstockGWSalkeldRMSchuepWKlagMJ. Serum antioxidants and myocardial infarction: Are low levels of carotenoids and α-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction. Circulation1994; 90: 1154–61.
YoungISPurvisJALightbodyJHAdgeyAATrimbleER. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J1993; 14: 1027–33.
33.
GopinathanVMillerNJMilnerADRice-EvansCA. Bilirubin and ascorbate: Antioxidant activity in neonatal plasma. FEBS Lett1994; 349: 197–200.
34.
MorrisonDLannanSLangridgeARahmanIMacNeeW. Effect of acute cigarette smoking on epithelial permeability, inflammation and oxidant status in the airspaces of chronic smokers. Thorax1994; 49: 1077.
35.
RahmanIMorrisonDDonaldsonKMacNeeW. Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD and smoking. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1996; 153 (in press).
36.
Herbaczynska-CedroKKlosiewiez-WasakBCedroKWasekWPanczenko-KresowskaBWartanowiczM. Supplementation with vitamin C and E suppresses leukocyte oxygen free radical production in patients with myocardial infarction. Europ Heart J1995; 16: 1044–9.
