Drug delivery systems are now being advanced by integrating sophisticated nanotechnologies to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Tremendous advancement has been achieved in the field of cancer therapy through the utilization of hyaluronic acid-based nanocarriers, which are well-acknowledged for their capacity to transport medication precisely to targeted regions. Quantum dots exhibit unique optical properties that allow for precise drug administration and monitoring capabilities. Carbon nanotubes provide a large surface area and exceptional strength, allowing for precise manipulation of drug delivery patterns. Dendrimers are versatile structures that can transport many drugs simultaneously, whereas mesoporous silica-functionalized nanoparticles allow exact manipulation of the release rate of pharmaceuticals. Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles synergistically integrate the durability of polymers with the compatibility of lipids, hence augmenting the availability of drugs within the body. Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets are becoming more recognized as favorable carriers due to their biocompatibility and potential for tailored administration. These achievements demonstrate the changes happening in the field of pharmaceutical administration, where nanotechnology is used to tackle issues such as restricted bioavailability and unanticipated adverse effects. This ultimately enhances the effectiveness of medicines and improves patient outcomes. Future investigations will focus on improving these technologies for broader therapeutic applications.
WangS, TanM, ZhongZ, et al.Nanotechnologies for curcumin: An ancient puzzler meets modern solutions. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2011; 2011(1):1–8.
2.
LattinJ, BelnapD, PittW. Formation of eLiposomes as a drug delivery vehicle. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2012; 89:93–100.
3.
KabanovA, BatrakovaE. New technologies for drug delivery across the blood brain barrier. Curr Pharm Des, 2004; 10(12):1355–1363.
4.
SemeteB, BooysenL, LemmerY, et al.In vivo evaluation of the biodistribution and safety of PLGA nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Nanomedicine, 2010; 6(5):662–671.
5.
KortingHC, Schäfer-KortingM. Carriers in the topical treatment of skin disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 2010(197):435–468.
6.
LiechtyWB, KryscioDR, SlaughterBV, et al.Polymers for drug delivery systems. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng, 2010; 1(1):149–173.
7.
SchmaljohannD. Thermo-and pH-responsive polymers in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2006; 58(15):1655–1670.
8.
BasuA, KunduruKR, DoppalapudiS, et al.Poly (lactic acid) based hydrogels. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2016; 107:192–205.
9.
TeleanuDM, ChircovC, GrumezescuAM, et al.Blood-brain delivery methods using nanotechnology. Pharmaceutics, 2018; 10(4):269.
10.
LangerR. Where a pill won’t reach. Sci Am, 2003; 288(4):50–57.
11.
RajgorN, PatelM, BhaskarV. Implantable drug delivery systems: An overview. Syst Rev Pharm, 2011; 2(2):91.
12.
SalariN, MansouriK, ValipourE, et al.Hyaluronic acid-based drug nanocarriers as a novel drug delivery system for cancer chemotherapy: A systematic review. DARU, 2021; 29(2):439–447.
13.
FuC-P, CaiX-Y, ChenS-L, et al.Hyaluronic acid-based nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery. Polymers (Basel), 2023; 15(10):2317.
14.
LeiC, LiuX-R, ChenQ-B, et al.Hyaluronic acid and albumin based nanoparticles for drug delivery. J Control Release, 2021; 331:416–433.
15.
YuT, LiY, GuX, et al.Development of a hyaluronic acid-based nanocarrier incorporating doxorubicin and cisplatin as a pH-sensitive and CD44-targeted anti-breast cancer drug delivery system. Front Pharmacol, 2020; 11:532457.
16.
ChiesaE, GrecoA, RivaF, et al.CD44-targeted carriers: The role of molecular weight of hyaluronic acid in the uptake of hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals, 2022; 15(1):103.
17.
HongL-Q, HoTN, CuST, et al.Effective strategies in designing chitosan-hyaluronic acid nanocarriers: From synthesis to drug delivery towards chemotherapy. Curr Drug Deliv, 2025; 22(1):41–62.
18.
JiaY, ChenS, WangC, et al.Hyaluronic acid-based nano drug delivery systems for breast cancer treatment: Recent advances. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022; 10:990145.
19.
FinkeA, Bétemps J Bon, Molliard S Gavard. In vitro study of the gel cohesivity and persistence to hyaluronidase degradation of a novel stabilized composition of 26 mg/mL of high molecular weight HA. Plast Aesthet Res, 2024; 11:51.
20.
KunaSK, ChoppalaAD. Biocompatible osimertinib nanoliposomes coated with PEGylated hyaluronic acid enhanced tumor selectivity and cytotoxicity via CD44-mediated NSCLC targeting: Development, characterization and in-vitro biochemical studies. J Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2023; 13(7):204–213.
21.
LiL, QiL, LiangZ, et al.Transforming growth factor-β1 induces EMT by the transactivation of epidermal growth factor signaling through HA/CD44 in lung and breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med, 2015; 36(1):113–122.
22.
JhaA, KumarM, GoswamiP, et al.Hyaluronic acid-oleylamine and chitosan-oleic acid conjugate-based hybrid nanoparticle delivery via. dissolving microneedles for enhanced treatment efficacy in localized breast cancer tumor. Biomater Adv, 2024; 160:213865.
23.
GuH-F, RenF, MaoX-Y, et al.Mineralized and GSH-responsive hyaluronic acid based nano-carriers for potentiating repressive effects of sulforaphane on breast cancer stem cells-like properties. Carbohydr Polym, 2021; 269:118294.
24.
TrifanSI, IvanovD, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, RO-700487 Iaşi, Romania. Strategies of hyaluronan chemical modifications for biomedical applications. RevRoumChim, 2023; 68(5–6):201–207.
25.
PepeA, LaezzaA, ArmientoF, et al.Chemical modifications in hyaluronic acid‐based electrospun scaffolds. Chempluschem, 2024; 89(7):e202300599.
26.
ZamanA, GhoshA, GhoshAK, et al.DON encapsulated carbon dot–vesicle conjugate in therapeutic intervention of lung adenocarcinoma by dual targeting of CD44 and SLC1A5. Nanoscale, 2024; 16(47):21817–21836.
27.
SatriyoPB, YehC-T, ChenJ-H, et al.Dual therapeutic strategy targeting tumor cells and tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer. J Cancer Res Pract, 2020; 7(4):139–148.
28.
SultanaN, DavidAE. Improving cancer targeting: A study on the effect of dual-ligand density on targeting of cells having differential expression of target biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci, 2023; 24(17):13048.
29.
OuyangD, ZhangH, TangB, et al.Clinical significance of circulating clonal plasma cells detected by a novel microfluidic chip in multiple myeloma. J Biomed Nanotechnol, 2022; 18(6):1630–1639.
30.
OrsiniS, LauricellaM, MontessoriA, et al.3D printing and artificial intelligence tools for droplet microfluidics: Advances in the generation and analysis of emulsions. Applied Physics Reviews, 2025; 12(1).
31.
AbrishamkarA, NilghazA, SaadatmandM, et al.Microfluidic-assisted fiber production: Potentials, limitations, and prospects. Biomicrofluidics, 2022; 16(6):061504.
32.
McDermottO, AntonyJ, SonyM, et al.The use and application of the 7 new quality control tools in the manufacturing sector: A global study. TQM, 2023; 35(8):2621–2639.
33.
AniO. Advanced manufacturing with machine learning: Enhancing predictive maintenance, quality control, and process optimization. Al-Rafidain Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2024:280–300.
34.
WangG, ZhangM, LaiW, et al.Tumor microenvironment responsive RNA drug delivery systems: Intelligent platforms for sophisticated release. Mol Pharm, 2024; 21(9):4217–4237.
35.
XuW, YangR, XueY, et al.Boosting disassembly of π–π stacked supramolecular nanodrugs under tumor microenvironment by introducing stimuli‐responsive drug‐mates. Aggregate, 2025; 6(1):e648.
36.
ZhouW, JiaY, LiuY, et al.Tumor microenvironment-based stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for controlled release of drugs in cancer therapy. Pharmaceutics, 2022; 14(11):2346.
37.
HoD, WangC-HK, ChowEK-H. Nanodiamonds: The intersection of nanotechnology, drug development, and personalized medicine. Sci Adv, 2015; 1(7):e1500439.
38.
ChenX, YuS, WangP, et al.Development and evaluation of a novel hyaluronic acid and chitosan-modified phytosome for co-delivery of oxymatrine and glycyrrhizin for combination therapy. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov, 2024; 19(2):154–164.
39.
RavalH, BhattacharyaS. Exploring the potentials of hyaluronic acid-coated polymeric nanoparticles in enhanced cancer treatment by precision drug delivery, tackling drug resistance, and reshaping the tumour micro environment. Curr Med Chem, 2024.
40.
EhidiamenA, OladapoO. Innovative approaches to risk management in clinical research: Balancing ethical standards, regulatory compliance, and intellectual property concerns. World J Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2024; 20(1):349–363.
41.
LiY, ChenT, ChenL, et al.Construction of hyaluronic acid-functionalized magnolol nanoparticles for ulcerative colitis treatment. Int J Biol Macromol, 2024; 268(Pt 2):131920.
42.
HuynhA, PrieferR. Hyaluronic acid applications in ophthalmology, rheumatology, and dermatology. Carbohydr Res, 2020; 489:107950.
43.
ArrichJ, PiribauerF, MadP, et al.Intra-articular hyaluronic acid for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: Systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ, 2005; 172(8):1039–1043.
t Corticosteroids DYSHIDROSIS T. Opioid oral and analgesics injectable see progesterone-only pain contraceptives combined oral contraceptives medroxyprogesterone acetate (X) 10 mg daily x 10-13 days Provera Tab: 2.5, 5, 10 mg. APRN and PA’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Drug Therapy, 2022; 2021:231.
53.
GajbhiyeK, GajbhiyeV, SiddiquiIA, et al.cRGD functionalised nanocarriers for targeted delivery of bioactives. J Drug Target, 2019; 27(2):111–124.
54.
BajwaN, Kumar MehraN, JainK, et al.Targeted anticancer drug delivery through anthracycline antibiotic bearing functionalized quantum dots. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2016; 44(7):1774–1782.
55.
AbbasiE, KafshdoozT, BakhtiaryM, et al.Biomedical and biological applications of quantum dots. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2016; 44(3):885–891.
56.
ShishodiaS, ChoucheneB, GriesT, et al.Selected I-III-VI2 semiconductors: Synthesis, properties and applications in photovoltaic cells. Nanomaterials, 2023; 13(21):2889.
57.
LeatherdaleCA, WooW-K, MikulecFV, et al.On the absorption cross section of CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots. J Phys Chem B, 2002; 106(31):7619–7622.
58.
Torres-TorresC, López-SuárezA, Can-UcB, et al.Collective optical Kerr effect exhibited by an integrated configuration of silicon quantum dots and gold nanoparticles embedded in ion-implanted silica. Nanotechnology, 2015; 26(29):295701.
WallingMA, NovakJA, ShepardJRE. Quantum dots for live cell and in vivo imaging. Int J Mol Sci, 2009; 10(2):441–491.
61.
StockertJC, Blázquez-CastroA. Fluorescence Microscopy in Life Sciences. Bentham Science Publishers; 2017.
62.
MarchukK, GuoY, SunW, et al.High-precision tracking with non-blinking quantum dots resolves nanoscale vertical displacement. J Am Chem Soc, 2012; 134(14):6108–6111.
63.
LaneLA, SmithAM, LianT, et al.Compact and blinking-suppressed quantum dots for single-particle tracking in live cells. J Phys Chem B, 2014; 118(49):14140–14147.
64.
OmidianH, WilsonRL, CubedduLX. Quantum dot research in breast cancer: Challenges and prospects. Materials, 2024; 17(9):2152.
65.
GhaderiS, RameshB, SeifalianAM. Fluorescence nanoparticles “quantum dots” as drug delivery system and their toxicity: A review. J Drug Target, 2011; 19(7):475–486.
66.
TyagiP, PatelC, GibsonK, et al.Systems biology and peptide engineering to overcome absorption barriers for oral peptide delivery: Dosage form optimization case study preceding clinical translation. Pharmaceutics, 2023; 15(10):2436.
67.
TongX, GaL, AiJ, et al.Progress in cancer drug delivery based on AS1411 oriented nanomaterials. J Nanobiotechnology, 2022; 20(1):57.
68.
DesaiN, ChavdaV, SinghTRR, et al.Cancer nanovaccines: Nanomaterials and clinical perspectives. Small, 2024; 20(35):e2401631.
69.
ZareH, AhmadiS, GhasemiA, et al.Carbon nanotubes: Smart drug/gene delivery carriers. Int J Nanomedicine, 2021; 16:1681–1706.
70.
DebnathSK, SrivastavaR. Drug delivery with carbon-based nanomaterials as versatile nanocarriers: Progress and prospects. Front Nanotechnol, 2021; 3:644564.
71.
JhaR, SinghA, SharmaP, et al.Smart carbon nanotubes for drug delivery system: A comprehensive study. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2020; 58:101811.
72.
SaleemiM, KongY, YongP, et al.An overview of recent development in therapeutic drug carrier system using carbon nanotubes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2020; 59:101855.
73.
PanigrahiBK, NayakAK. Carbon nanotubes: An emerging drug delivery carrier in cancer therapeutics. Curr Drug Deliv, 2020; 17(7):558–576.
74.
GrigerS, SandsI, ChenY. Comparison between janus-base nanotubes and carbon nanotubes: A review on synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applications. Int J Mol Sci, 2022; 23(5):2640.
75.
GuoJ, JiangH, TengY, et al.Recent advances in magnetic carbon nanotubes: Synthesis, challenges and highlighted applications. J Mater Chem B, 2021; 9(44):9076–9099.
76.
PolandCA, DuffinR, KinlochI, et al.Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008; 3(7):423–428.
77.
OberdörsterG, SharpZ, AtudoreiV, et al.Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain. Inhal Toxicol, 2004; 16(6–7):437–445.
78.
ShvedovaAA, KisinER, MercerR, et al.Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2005; 289(5):L698–L708.
79.
BiancoA, KostarelosK, PratoM. Applications of carbon nanotubes in drug delivery. Curr Opin Chem Biol, 2005; 9(6):674–679.
80.
SunK, HeE, Van GestelCA, et al.Biosafety of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanomaterials: Natural and engineered transformation pathways and their role in the toxicity profile. Critical Rev Environmental Sci Technol, 2024; 54(10):840–863.
81.
ElsayedMM, AbdallahO, NaggarV, et al.Deformable liposomes and ethosomes as carriers for skin delivery of ketotifen. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2007; 62(2):133–137.
82.
BoasU, HeegaardPM. Dendrimers in drug research. Chem Soc Rev, 2004; 33(1):43–63.
83.
DykesGM. Dendrimers: A review of their appeal and applications. J of Chemical Tech & Biotech, 2001; 76(9):903–918.
84.
SchlickKH, MorganJR, WeielJJ, et al.Clusters of ligands on dendrimer surfaces. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2011; 21(17):5078–5083.
85.
ChengY, WangJ, RaoT, et al.Pharmaceutical applications of dendrimers: Promising nanocarriers for drug delivery. Front Biosci, 2008; 13(4):1447–1471.
86.
ScottRW, WilsonOM, CrooksRM. Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Dendrimer-encapsulated Nanoparticles. ACS Publications; 2005; pp. 692–704.
87.
WangJ, LiB, QiuL, et al.Dendrimer-based drug delivery systems: History, challenges, and latest developments. J Biol Eng, 2022; 16(1):18.
88.
HsuHJ, BugnoJ, LeeS, et al.Dendrimer‐based nanocarriers: A versatile platform for drug delivery. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 2017; 9(1):e1409.
89.
ZhuJ, ShiX. Dendrimer-based nanodevices for targeted drug delivery applications. J Mater Chem B, 2013; 1(34):4199–4211.
90.
NikzamirM, HanifehpourY, AkbarzadehA, et al.Applications of dendrimers in nanomedicine and drug delivery: A review. J Inorg Organomet Polym, 2021; 31(6):2246–2261.
91.
AmjadM. Dendrimers in anticancer targeted drug delivery: Accomplishments, challenges and directions for future. Farm Farmakol (Pâtigorsk), 2021; 9(1):4–16. (Russ) 2021;10:2307-9266.
92.
KannanR., editor. Design of dendrimer-based drug delivery nanodevices with enhanced therapeutic efficacies. In: APS March Meeting Abstracts; 2007.
SoltanyP, MiralinaghiM, ShariatiFP. Folic acid conjugated poly (Amidoamine) dendrimer grafted magnetic chitosan as a smart drug delivery platform for doxorubicin: In-vitro drug release and cytotoxicity studies. Int J Biol Macromol, 2024; 257(Pt 1):127564.
95.
NoriZZ, BahadoriM, MoghadamM, et al.Synthesis and characterization of a new gold-coated magnetic nanoparticle decorated with a thiol-containing dendrimer for targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia treatment and enhancement of MRI contrast agent. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2023; 81:104216.
96.
DuncanR, IzzoL. Dendrimer biocompatibility and toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2005; 57(15):2215–2237.
97.
FernandesEG, VieiraNC, De QueirozAA, et al.Immobilization of poly (propylene imine) dendrimer/nickel phtalocyanine as nanostructured multilayer films to be used as gate membranes for SEGFET pH sensors. J Phys Chem C, 2010; 114(14):6478–6483.
98.
CamposBB, AlgarraM, Esteves da SilvaJC. Fluorescent properties of a hybrid cadmium sulfide-dendrimer nanocomposite and its quenching with nitromethane. J Fluoresc, 2010; 20(1):143–151.
99.
GrabchevI, StanevaD, ChovelonJ-M. Photophysical investigations on the sensor potential of novel, poly (propylenamine) dendrimers modified with 1, 8-naphthalimide units. Dyes and Pigments, 2010; 85(3):189–193.
100.
FuHL, ChengSX, ZhangXZ, et al.Dendrimer/DNA complexes encapsulated functional biodegradable polymer for substrate‐mediated gene delivery. J Gene Med, 2008; 10(12):1334–1342.
101.
FuH-L, ChengS-X, ZhangX-Z, et al.Dendrimer/DNA complexes encapsulated in a water soluble polymer and supported on fast degrading star poly (DL-lactide) for localized gene delivery. J Control Release, 2007; 124(3):181–188.
102.
TripathyS, BaroL, DasMK. Dendrimer chemistry and host-guest interactions for drug targeting. Int J Pharmaceutical Sci Res, 2014; 5(1):16.
103.
ChisAA, DobreaC, MorgovanC, et al.Applications and limitations of dendrimers in biomedicine. Molecules, 2020; 25(17):3982.
104.
Sánchez-NavarroM, RojoJ. Synthetic strategies to create dendrimers: Advantages and drawbacks. In: Frontiers of Nanoscience. Elsevier; 2012; pp. 143–156.
105.
GajbhiyeV, Vijayaraj KumarP, Kumar TekadeR, et al.Pharmaceutical and biomedical potential of PEGylated dendrimers. CPD, 2007; 13(4):415–429.
106.
KarthikeyanR, KoushikO, KumarV. Surface modification of cationic dendrimers eases drug delivery of anticancer drugs. Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2016; 10:108.
107.
SahooRK, KumarH, JainV, et al.Angiopep-2 grafted PAMAM dendrimers for the targeted delivery of temozolomide: In vitro and in vivo effects of PEGylation in the management of glioblastoma multiforme. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2023; 9(7):4288–4301.
108.
LiX, ViewegerM, GuoP. Self-assembly of four generations of RNA dendrimers for drug shielding with controllable layer-by-layer release. Nanoscale, 2020; 12(31):16514–16525.
109.
SantosA, VeigaF, FigueirasA. Dendrimers as pharmaceutical excipients: Synthesis, properties, toxicity and biomedical applications. Materials, 2019; 13(1):65.
110.
AhnY, KimJ, KwonK, The Pharmaceutical Society Of Korea. Analyzing regulatory approval pathways and clinical strategies for AAV-based gene therapies approved by the FDA and EMA. Yakhak Hoeji, 2023; 67(6):342–353.
SlowingII, Vivero-EscotoJL, TrewynBG, et al.Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: Structural design and applications. J Mater Chem, 2010; 20(37):7924–7937.
113.
ZhangH, ZhouY, LiY, et al.Synthesis of hollow ellipsoidal silica nanostructures using a wet-chemical etching approach. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2012; 375(1):106–111.
114.
ManzanoM, Vallet-RegíM. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery. Adv Funct Materials, 2020; 30(2):1902634.
115.
MuraS, NicolasJ, CouvreurP. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery. Nat Mater, 2013; 12(11):991–1003.
116.
XuB, LiS, ShiR, et al.Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023; 8(1):435.
117.
MengH, XueM, ZinkJI, et al.Development of pharmaceutically adapted mesoporous silica nanoparticles platform. J Phys Chem Lett, 2012; 3(3):358–359.
118.
NguyenTD, LiuY, SahaS, et al.Design and optimization of molecular nanovalves based on redox-switchable bistable rotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc, 2007; 129(3):626–634.
119.
MuthukumaranMK, GovindarajM, RajaBK, JAS. Crystal plane-integrated strontium oxide/hexagonal boron nitride nanohybrids for rapid electrochemical sensing of anticancer drugs in human blood serum samples. Anal Methods, 2023; 15(42):5639–5654.
120.
Marín-CabaL, ChariouPL, PesqueraC, et al.Tobacco mosaic virus-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles, a wool-ball-like nanostructure for drug delivery. Langmuir, 2019; 35(1):203–211.
121.
FlorekJ, CaillardR, KleitzF. Evaluation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for oral drug delivery–current status and perspective of MSNs drug carriers. Nanoscale, 2017; 9(40):15252–15277.
122.
MuruganB, SagadevanS, LettA, et al.Role of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the drug delivery applications. Mater Res Express, 2020; 7(10):102002.
123.
AsefaT, TaoZ. Biocompatibility of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol, 2012; 25(11):2265–2284.
124.
NazarovAS, DeminVN, GrayferED, et al.Functionalization and dispersion of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanosheets treated with inorganic reagents. Chem Asian J, 2012; 7(3):554–560.
125.
LiX, ChenS, LiuQ, et al.Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet as an effective nanoquencher for the fluorescence detection of microRNA. Chem Commun (Camb), 2021; 57(65):8039–8042.
126.
WangN, YangG, WangH, et al.A universal method for large-yield and high-concentration exfoliation of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. Materials Today, 2019; 27:33–42.
127.
BoldrinL, ScarpaF, ChowdhuryR, et al.Effective mechanical properties of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. Nanotechnology, 2011; 22(50):505702.
128.
ZhaoH, DingJ, ZhaoC, et al.Sustainable mass production of ultrahigh-aspect-ratio hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets for high-performance composites. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng, 2023; 11(12):4633–4642.
129.
LiS, LuX, LouY, et al.The synthesis and characterization of h-BN nanosheets with high yield and crystallinity. ACS Omega, 2021; 6(42):27814–27822.
MaestreC, TouryB, SteyerP, et al.Hexagonal boron nitride: A review on selfstanding crystals synthesis towards 2D nanosheets. J Phys Mater, 2021; 4(4):044018.
132.
RoyS, ZhangX, PuthirathAB, et al.Structure, properties and applications of two‐dimensional hexagonal boron nitride. Advanced Materials, 2021; 33(44):2101589.
133.
AnL, GuR, ZhongB, et al.Quasi‐Isotropically thermal conductive, highly transparent, insulating and super‐flexible polymer films achieved by cross linked 2D hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. Small, 2021; 17(46):e2101409.
134.
BhimanapatiGR, KozuchD, RobinsonJA. Large-scale synthesis and functionalization of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. Nanoscale, 2014; 6(20):11671–11675.
135.
XiaoF, NaficyS, CasillasG, et al.Hydrogels: Edge‐hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets as an effective additive to improve the thermal response of hydrogels (Adv. Mater. 44/2015). Advanced Materials, 2015; 27(44):7247–7247.
136.
XieT, HeZ, ZhangD, et al.Directional pumpless transport of biomolecules through self-propelled nanodroplets on patterned heterostructures. J Phys Chem B, 2024; 128(19):4751–4758.
137.
Visani de LunaLA, LoretT, HeY, et al.Pulmonary toxicity of boron nitride nanomaterials is aspect ratio dependent. ACS Nano, 2023; 17(24):24919–24935.
138.
GuptaG, WangZ, KisslingVM, et al.Boron nitride nanosheets induce lipid accumulation and autophagy in human alveolar lung epithelial cells cultivated at air‐liquid interface. Small, 2024; 20(27):e2308148.
139.
ManeSKB, ShaishtaN, ManjunathaG. Biocompatibility, toxicity evaluations, environmental and health impact of hexagonal boron nitride. In: Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Elsevier; 2024; pp. 613–36.
140.
PokaleR, OsmaniRAM, HalagaliP, et al.Engineering the future of medicine: Hexagonal boron nitride for targeted drug delivery. In: Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Elsevier; 2024; pp. 403–429.
141.
MishraS, JenaBK. Review and perspectives on multifunctional applications of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets and quantum dots in energy conversions. Energy Fuels, 2025; 39(9):4119–4150.
142.
MehdiSMZ, MaqsoodMF, DahshanA, et al.Emerging boron nitride nanosheets: A review on synthesis, corrosion resistance coatings, and their impacts on the environment and health. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 2024; 63(1):20240075.
143.
SeifA, AziziK. A new strategy for hydrogen storage using BNNS: Simultaneous effects of doping and charge modulation. RSC Adv, 2016; 6(63):58458–58468.
144.
LiuJ, ZhengT, TianY. Functionalized h‐BN nanosheets as a theranostic platform for SERS real‐time monitoring of MicroRNA and photodynamic therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2019; 58(23):7757–7761.
145.
ZuoJ, ZhaiP, WangL, et al.Template‐catalyzed mass production of size‐tunable h‐BN nanosheet powders. Advanced Materials, 2025:2501155.
146.
HaoL, ZhengQ, GuanM, et al.Large ultrathin polyoxomolybdate-decorated boron nitride nanosheets with enhanced antibacterial activity for infection control. ACS Appl Nano Mater, 2023; 6(6):4754–4769.
147.
GuanM, HaoL, ChenL, et al.Facile mechanical-induced functionalization of hexagonal boron nitride and its application as vehicles for antibacterial essential oil. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng, 2020; 8(40):15120–15133.
148.
RevabhaiPM, SinghalRK, BasuH, et al.Progress on boron nitride nanostructure materials: Properties, synthesis and applications in hydrogen storage and analytical chemistry. J Nanostruct Chem, 2023; 13(1):1–41.
149.
WangZ, WanY, LiH, et al.The first principal study of decorated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets with Ni and Pd atoms as drug carrier. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2024; 15(10):102952.
150.
MukherjeeA, WatersAK, KalyanP, et al.Lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles as a next-generation drug delivery platform: State of the art, emerging technologies, and perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine, 2019; 14:1937–1952.
151.
SoaresDCF, DominguesSC, VianaDB, et al.Polymer-hybrid nanoparticles: Current advances in biomedical applications. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2020; 131:110695.
152.
SivadasanD, SultanMH, MadkhaliO, et al.Polymeric lipid hybrid nanoparticles (plns) as emerging drug delivery platform—A comprehensive review of their properties, preparation methods, and therapeutic applications. Pharmaceutics, 2021; 13(8):1291.
153.
KhanMM, MadniA, TorchilinV, et al.Lipid-chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for controlled delivery of cisplatin. Drug Deliv, 2019; 26(1):765–772.
154.
MohantyA, UthamanS, ParkI-K. Utilization of polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles for targeted anti-cancer therapy. Molecules, 2020; 25(19):4377.
155.
DaveV, TakK, SohgauraA, et al.Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles: Synthesis strategies and biomedical applications. J Microbiol Methods, 2019; 160:130–142.
156.
SoomherunN, Kreua-OngarjnukoolN, NiyomthaiST, et al.Lipid-Polymer hybrid nanoparticles synthesized via lipid-based surface engineering for a robust drug delivery platform. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2024; 237:113858.
157.
LiuL, ZhouC, XiaX, et al.Self-assembled lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery: Preparation and functional evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine, 2016; 11:761–769.
158.
TahirN, MadniA, CorreiaA, et al.Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for controlled delivery of hydrophilic and lipophilic doxorubicin for breast cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine, 2019; 14:4961–4974.
159.
ClawsonC, TonL, AryalS, et al.Synthesis and characterization of lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles with pH-triggered poly (ethylene glycol) shedding. Langmuir, 2011; 27(17):10556–10561.
160.
MirnezamiSMS, HeydarinasabA, AkbarzadehkhyaviA, et al.Development and optimization of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles containing melphalan using central composite design and its effect on ovarian cancer cell lines. Iran J Pharm Res, 2021; 20(4):213–228.
161.
ZouT, LanM, LiuF, et al.Emodin-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer to doxorubicin by inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Cancer Nano, 2021; 12(1):1–15.
162.
GajbhiyeKR, SalveR, NarwadeM, et al.Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles: A custom-tailored next-generation approach for cancer therapeutics. Mol Cancer, 2023; 22(1):160.
163.
ParveenS, GuptaP, KumarS, et al.Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles as potent vehicles for drug delivery in cancer therapeutics. Med Drug Discovery, 2023; 20:100165.
164.
MohammadHA, GhareebMM, AkramiM, et al.Tacrolimus loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles incorporated thermosensitive gel as intravesical drug delivery system. Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences, 2022; 1(1):4.
165.
RenY, QiC, RuanS, et al.Selenized polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles for oral delivery of tripterine with ameliorative oral anti-enteritis activity and bioavailability. Pharmaceutics, 2023; 15(3):821.
166.
KabilMF, BadaryOA, BierF, et al.A comprehensive review on lipid nanocarrier systems for cancer treatment: Fabrication, future prospects and clinical trials. J Liposome Res, 2024; 34(1):135–177.
167.
KesharwaniP, ChadarR, SheikhA, et al.CD44-targeted nanocarrier for cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol, 2021; 12:800481.
168.
DiaoD, ZhaiJ, YangJ, et al.Delivery of gefitinib with an immunostimulatory nanocarrier improves therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res, 2021; 10(2):926–935.
169.
EleftheriadouI, GiannousiK, ProtonotariouE, et al.Cocktail of CuO, ZnO, or CuZn nanoparticles and antibiotics for combating multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa via efflux pump inhibition. ACS Appl Nano Mater, 2021; 4(9):9799–9810.
170.
RoucoH, Garcia-GarciaP, EvoraC, et al.Screening strategies for surface modification of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm, 2022; 624:121973.
171.
MenW, ZhuP, DongS, et al.Fabrication of dual pH/redox-responsive lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery and controlled release. Int J Nanomedicine, 2019; 14:8001–8011.
172.
RizwanullahM, AlamM, MirSR, et al.Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles: A next-generation nanocarrier for targeted treatment of solid tumors. Curr Pharm Des, 2020; 26(11):1206–1215.
173.
ZhuangY, ZhaoY, WangB, et al.Strategies for preparing different types of lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles in targeted tumor therapy. Curr Pharm Des, 2021; 27(19):2274–2288.
174.
CaoS, JiangY, LevyCN, et al.Optimization and comparison of CD4‐targeting lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles using different binding ligands. J Biomed Mater Res A, 2018; 106(5):1177–1188.
175.
AhmedT, LiuF-CF, WuXY. An update on strategies for optimizing polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery: Exploiting transformability and bioactivity of PLN and harnessing intracellular lipid transport mechanism. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2024; 21(2):245–278.
176.
WuXY. Strategies for optimizing polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2016; 13(5):609–612.
177.
JainM, YuX, SchneckJP, et al.Nanoparticle targeting strategies for lipid and polymer‐based gene delivery to immune cells in vivo. Small Sci, 2024; 4(9):2400248.
178.
Sengel-TurkCT, HascicekC. Design of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for therapy of BPH: Part I. Formulation optimization using a design of experiment approach. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2017; 39:16–27.
179.
RakaS, BelemkarS, BhattacharyaS. Hybrid nanoparticles for cancer theranostics: A critical review on design, synthesis, and multifunctional capabilities. Curr Med Chem, 2024.
180.
GuilhermeVA, RibeiroLN, TofoliGR, et al.Current challenges and future of lipid nanoparticles formulations for topical drug application to oral mucosa, skin, and eye. Curr Pharm Des, 2017; 23(43):6659–6675.
181.
XueG, TangL, PanX, et al.Hyaluronic acid–targeted topotecan liposomes improve therapeutic efficacy against lung cancer in animals. Front Oncol, 2024; 14:1520274.
182.
HartungT, KingNM, KleinstreuerN, et al.Leveraging biomarkers and translational medicine for preclinical safety: Lessons for advancing the validation of alternatives to animal testing. ALTEX, 2024; 41(4):545–566.
183.
PatelT, AhmadZ, GirijaU, et al.P13-21 Toxicological assessment of porous silica nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and immunogenicity. Toxicology Letters, 2024; 399:S218.
184.
Juan RamonA, ParmarC, Carrasco-ZevallosOM, et al.Development and deployment of a histopathology-based deep learning algorithm for patient prescreening in a clinical trial. Nat Commun, 2024; 15(1):4690.
185.
SlowingII, TrewynBG, GiriS, et al.Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery and biosensing applications. Adv Funct Materials, 2007; 17(8):1225–1236.
186.
GolbergD, BandoY, HuangY, et al.Boron nitride nanotubes and nanosheets. ACS Nano, 2010; 4(6):2979–2993.
187.
SannaV, PintusG, RoggioAM, et al.Targeted biocompatible nanoparticles for the delivery of (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate to prostate cancer cells. J Med Chem, 2011; 54(5):1321–1332.
