Treatment of Experimental Cerebral Ischemia

Agnoli A Palesse N Ruggieri S Leonardis G Benzi G , (1979) Barbiturate treatment of acute stroke. In: Advances in Neurology, Vol 25: Cerebrovascular Disorders and Stroke ( Goldstein M Bolis L Fieschi C Gorini S Millikan CH , eds), New York, Raven Press, pp 269–274

Aldrete JA Romo-Salas F Jankovsky L Franatovic Y , (1979) Effect of pretreatment with thiopental and phenytoin on post-ischemic brain damage in rabbits. Crit Care Med 7:466–470

Ames A III Wright RL Kowada M Thurston JM Majno G , (1968) Cerebral ischemia. II. The no-reflow phenomenon. Am J Pathol 52:437–453

Anderson DC Cranford RE , (1979) Corticosteroids in ischemic stroke. (Editorial) Stroke 10:68–71

Astrup J , (1980) Barbiturate protection in focal cerebral ischemia Scand J Clin Lab Invest 40:201–203

Astrup J Nordström C-H Rehncrona S , (1977a) Rate of rise of extracellular potassium in the ischemic rat brain and the effect of preischemic metabolic rate: Evidence for a specific effect of phenobarbitone. Acta Neurol Scand 56 (Suppl 64):148–149

Astrup J Symon L Branston NM Lassen NA , (1977b) Cortical evoked potential and extracellular K⁺ and H⁺ at critical levels of brain ischemia. Stroke 8:51–57

Bacalzo LV Jr Wolfson SK Jr , (1971) Preferential cerebral hypothermia. Trimethamine and dextran 40 and tolerance to circulatory arrest of 90 to 120 minutes. Arch Surg 103:393–397

Barnett H Paoletti P Flamm E Brambilla G , (1981) Cerebrovascular Diseases: New Trends in Surgical and Medical Aspects. Elsevier-North-Holland Biomedical Press

Benzi G Arrigoni E Pastoris O Villa RF Dagani F Marzatico F Agnoli A , (1979) Effect of some drugs on cerebral energy state during and after hypoxia and complete or incomplete ischemia. Biochem Pharmacol 28:435–439

Black KL Weidler DJ Jallad NS Sodeman TM Abrams GD , (1978) Delayed pentobarbital therapy of acute focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 9:245–249

Black KL Weidler DJ Randall OS , (1979) Improved cerebral microcirculation in focal cerebral ischemia after treatment with pentobarbital. Clin Res 27:A714

Bleyaert AL Nemoto EM Safar P Stezoski SW Mickell JJ Moossy J Rao GR , (1978) Thiopental amelioration of brain damage after global ischemia in monkeys. Anesthesiology 49:390–398

Bleyaert A Safar P Nemoto EM Stezoski SW , (1980a) No amelioration of brain damage after global brain ischemia (GBI) in monkeys by hemodilution or heparinization. Crit Care Med 8:251

Bleyaert A Safar P Nemoto EM Moossy J Sassano J , (1980b) Effect of postcirculatory-arrest life-support on neurological recovery in monkeys. Crit Care Med 8:153–156

Bluhm RE Cohen MM , (1978) Protection by pentoxifylline against ischemic deterioration of cerebral metabolism. Neurology 28:378

Boulu RG Gueniau C Plotkine M Sofeir M , (1981) Recovery from global cerebral ischemia in rabbits: Influence of indomethacin. Eur Neurol 20:230–234

Branston NM Strong AJ Symon L , (1977) Extracellular potassium activity, evoked potential and tissue blood flow. J Neurol Sci 32:305–321

Bremer AM Yamada K West CR , (1980) Ischemic cerebral edema in primates: Effects of acetazolamide, phenytoin, sorbitol, dexamethasone, and methylprednisolone on brain water and electrolytes. Neurosurgery 6:149–154

Cahn J , (1981) Drugs and Methods in Cerebrovascular Diseases. Paris, Pergamon Press

Cahn J , (1982) Experimental and Clinical Methodologies for Drugs: Study in Cerebral and Peripheral Vascular Diseases. Paris, Pergamon Press, in press

Cantu RC Ames A III DiGiacinto G Dixon J , (1969) Hypotension: A major factor limiting recovery from cerebral ischemia. J Surg Res 9:525–529

Carlsson C Rehncrona S , (1979) Influence of chlormethiazole on cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in the rat, and its effect on the recovery of cortical energy metabolism after pronounced incomplete ischemia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 23:259–266

Copeland JG Reitz BA Roberts AJ Michaelis LL , (1974) Hypothermic asanguineous circulatory arrest in adult dogs. Ann Surg 180:728–733

Corkill G Chikovani OK McLeish I McDonald LW Youmans JR , (1976) Timing of pentobarbital administration for brain protection in experimental stroke. Surg Neurol 5:147–149

Corkill G Sivalingam S Reitan JA Gilroy BA Helphrey MG , (1978) Dose dependency of the post-insult protective effect of pentobarbital in the canine experimental stroke model. Stroke 9:10–12

Crowell RM Olsson Y , (1972) Impaired microvascular filling after focal cerebral ischemia in the monkey: Modification by treatment. Neurology 22:500–504

Crowell RM Marcoux FW DeGirolami U , (1981) Variability and reversibility of focal cerebral ischemia in unanesthetized monkeys. Neurology 31:1295–1302

Cullen JP Aldrete JA Jankovsky L Romos-Salas F , (1979) Protective action of phenytoin in cerebral ischemia. Anesth Analg (Cleve.) 58:165–169

Delage I Duverger D Gotti B MacKenzie ET , (1981) Correlation of local blood flow, glucose consumption and probability of necrosis following a middle cerebral artery occlusion in the cat. Eur Neurol 20:258–264

Dodson RF Tagashira Y Chu L Wai-Fong (1975) The effects of glycerol on cerebral ultrastructure following experimentally induced cerebral ischemia. J Neurol Sci 26:235–243

Donley RF Sundt TM Jr , (1973) The effect of dexamethasone on the edema of focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 4:148–155

Drewes LR , (1980) An improved apparatus for blood perfusion of the canine cerebral vasculature. Neurochem Res 5:551–560

Dujovny M Osgood CP Barrionuevo PJ Hellstrom R Maroon J , (1976) Experimental middle cerebral artery microsurgical embolectomy. Acta Neurochir 35:91–96

Farber JL Chien KR Mittnacht S Jr , (1981) The pathogenesis of irreversible cell injury in ischemia. Am J Pathol 102:271–281

Fenske A Kohl J Regli F Reulen HJ , (1978) The effect of arterial hypertension on focal ischemic edema. An experimental study. J Neurol 219:241–251

Fenske A Fischer M Regli F Hase U , (1979) The response of focal ischemic cerebral edema to dexamethasone. J Neurol 220:199–209

Feustel PJ Ingvar MC Severinghaus JW , (1981) Cerebral oxygen availability and blood flow during middle cerebral artery occlusion: Effects of pentobarbital. Stroke 12:858–863

Fieschi C Battistini N Volante F Zanette E Weber G Passero S , (1975) Animal model of TIA: An experimental study with intracarotid ADP infusion in rabbits. Stroke 6:617–621

Flamm ES Demopoulos HB Seligman ML Poser RG Ransohoff J , (1978) Free radicals in cerebral ischemia. Stroke 9:445–447

Fritz H Hossmann K-A , (1979) Arterial air embolism in the cat brain. Stroke 10:581–589

Furlow TW Jr Bass NH , (1976) Arachidonate-induced cerebrovascular occlusion in the rat. The role of platelets and aspirin in stroke. Neurology 26:297–304

Furlow TW Jr Hallenbeck JM , (1978) Indomethacin prevents impaired perfusion of the dog's brain after global ischemia. Stroke 9:591–594

Garcia JH Klatzo I Archer T Lossinsky AS , (1981) Arterial air embolism: Structural effects on the gerbil brain. Stroke 12:414–421

Gaudet RJ Levine L , (1979) Transient cerebral ischemia and brain prostaglandins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 86:893–901

Gygax P Wiernsperger N Meier-Ruge W Baumann T , (1978) Effect of papaverine and dihydroergotoxine mesylate on cerebral microflow, EEG, and pO₂ in oligemic hypotension. Gerontology 24 (Suppl 1):14–22

Hallenbeck JM Furlow TW Jr , (1979) Prostaglandin I₂ and indomethacin prevent impairment of post-ischemic brain reperfusion in the dog. Stroke 10:629–637

Hallenbeck JM Furlow TW Jr Ruel TA Greenbaum LJ Jr , (1979) Extracorporeal glass-wool filtration of whole blood enhances post-ischemic recovery of the cortical sensory evoked response. Stroke 10:158–164

Harrington T Major M Ommaya AK Di Chiro G , (1972) Oxygen availability in ischemic brain following hypocarbia and hypercarbia. Polarographical depth electrode recordings in evolving and completed experimental stroke in the monkey. Stroke 3:692–701

Harris RJ Bayhan M Branston NM Watson A Symon L , (1982) Modulation of the pathophysiology of primate focal cerebral ischaemia by indomethacin. Stroke 13:17–24

Harrison MJG Ellam LD , (1981) Role of 5HT in the morbidity of cerebral infarction—A study in the gerbil stroke model. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 44:140–143

Hartmann A Menzel J Buttinger C Lange D Alberti E , (1981) Die regionale Gehirndurchblutung des Pavians beim ischämischen Hirninfarkt unter Dexamethasonbehandlung. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 49:380–392

Hass WK , (1981) Beyond cerebral blood flow, metabolism and ischemic thresholds: An examination of the role of calcium in the initiation of cerebral infarction. In: Salzburg Conference on Cerebral Vascular Disease, Vol 3: Cerebral Vascular Disease ( Meyer JS Lechner H Reivich M Ott EO Aranibar A , eds), Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica, pp 3–17

Hayakawa T Waltz AG , (1975) Changes of epidural pressures after experimental occlusion of one middle cerebral artery in cats. J Neurol Sci 26:319–333

Heiss W-D Hayakawa T Waltz AG , (1976) Cortical neuronal function during ischemia. Effects of occlusion of one middle cerebral artery on single-unit activity in cats. Arch Neurol 33:813–820

Hirsch H Schneider M , (1968) Überlebens-, Erholungs- und Wiederbelebungszeit des Gehirns bei Normo- und Hypothermie. In: Handbuch der Neurochirurgie, Grundlagen II, Vol 1, part 2 ( Olivecrona H Tönnis W , eds), Berlin, Springer, pp 509–552

Hirsch H Euler KH Schneider M , (1957) Über die Erholung und Wiederbelebung des Gehirns nach Ischämie bei Normothermie. Pfluegers Arch 265:281–313

Hoff JT Smith AL Hankinson HL Nielsen SL , (1975) Barbiturate protection from cerebral infarction in primates. Stroke 6:28–33

Hope DT Branston NM Symon L , (1977) Restoration of neurological function with induced hypertension in acute experimental cerebral ischaemia. Acta Neurol Scand 56 (Suppl 64):506–507

Hosobuchi Y Baskin DS Woo SK , (1982) Reversal of induced ischemic neurologic deficit in gerbils by the opiate antagonist naloxone. Science 215:69–71

Hossmann K-A , (1976) Development and resolution of ischemic brain swelling. In: Dynamics of Brain Edema ( Pappius HM Feindel W , eds), Berlin, Springer, pp 219–227

Hossmann K-A , (1977) Total ischemia of the brain. In: Brain and Heart Infarct ( Zülch KJ Kaufmann W Hossmann K-A Hossmann V , eds), Berlin, Springer, pp 107–122

Hossmann K-A , (1979) Cerebral dysfunction related to local and global ischemia of the brain. In: Brain Function in Old Age ( Hoffmeister F Müller C , eds), Berlin, Springer, pp 385–393

Hossmann K-A , (1982) Experimental aspects of stroke. In: Vascular Disease of the Central Nervous System ( Russell RW Ross , ed), New York, Churchill Livingstone, in press

Hossmann K-A Kleihues P , (1973) Reversibility of ischemic brain damage. Arch Neurol 29:375–384

Hossmann K-A Schuier FJ , (1980) Experimental brain infarcts in cats. I. Pathophysiological observations. Stroke 11:583–592

Hossmann K-A Zimmermann V , (1974) Resuscitation of the monkey brain after 1 h complete ischemia. I. Physiological and morphological observations. Brain Res 81:59–74

Hossmann K-A Lechtape-Grüter H Hossmann V , (1973) The role of cerebral blood flow for the recovery of the brain after prolonged ischemia. Z Neurol 204:281–299

Hossmann K-A Sakaki S Kimoto K , (1976) Cerebral uptake of glucose and oxygen in the cat brain after prolonged ischemia. Stroke 7:301–305

Hossmann K-A van den Kerckhoff W Matsuoka Y , (1981a) Treatment of cerebral ischemia by hemodilution. Bibl Haematol 47:77–85

Hossmann K-A Matsuoka Y Blöink M Fitzgerald G Hossmann V , (1981b) Treatment of experimental infarction of the cat brain. In: Drugs and Methods in C.V.D. ( Cahn J , ed), Paris, Pergamon Press, pp 427–434

Jackson DL Dole WP , (1979) Total cerebral ischemia: A new model system for the study of post-cardiac arrest brain damage. Stroke 10:38–43

Janssen PAJ Reneman RS , eds (1982) Protection of the brain from hypoxia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 2 (Suppl 1):S1–S102

Jarrott DM Domer FR , (1980) A gerbil model of cerebral ischemia suitable for drug evaluation. Stroke 11:203–209

Kahn K , (1972) The natural course of experimental cerebral infarction in the gerbil. Neurology 22:510–515

Kahn K Pranzarone G Newman T , (1972) Dexamethasone treatment of experimental cerebral infarction. Neurology 22:406–407

Kamijyo Y Garcia JH Cooper J , (1977) Temporary regional ischemia in the cat. A model of hemorrhagic and subcortical infarction. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 36:338–350

Kazda S Neuser V Schlossmann K Hoffmeister F , (1976) Circulatory, metabolic and functional changes in the cat brain after experimental ischemic cerebral insult: Effect of papaverin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 293:R16

Kazda S Hoffmeister F Garthoff B Towart R , (1979) Prevention of the postischemic impaired reperfusion of the brain by nimodipine (Bay e 9736). Acta Neurol Scand 60 (Suppl 72):302–303

Kerckhoff van den W Matsuoka Y Paschen W Hossmann K-A , (1980) Influence of barbiturates, hypothermia and hemodilution on post-ischemic metabolism and functional recovery following cerebro-circulatory arrest in cats. In: Circulatory and Developmental Aspects of Brain Metabolism ( Spatz M Mrsulja BB Rakic LJ Lust WD , eds), New York, Plenum, pp 103–122

Kleihues P Kobayashi K Hossmann K-A , (1974) Purine nucleotide metabolism in the cat brain after one hour of complete ischemia. J Neurochem 23:417–425

Kleihues P Hossmann K-A Pegg AE Kobayashi K Zimmermann V , (1975) Resuscitation of the monkey brain after one hour complete ischemia. III. Indications of metabolic recovery. Brain Res 95:61–73

Koch KA Jackson DL Rosenblatt JI Schmiedl M Thompson WL , (1979) Total cerebral ischemia: The effect of vasodilator therapy on postischemic brain damage. Clin Res 27:235

Kogure K Busto R Reinmuth O Scheinberg P , (1973) Energy metabolites, water content, and catecholamine changes in a model of cerebral embolic infarction. Neurology 23:438–439

Krieglstein J Stefanovich V , (1982) Stroke: Animal Models. Paris, Pergamon Press, in press

Lam CR Geoghegan T Lepore A , (1950) Induced cardiac arrest for intracardiac surgical procedures. J Thorac Surg 30:620–625

Laver MB Buckley MJ Austen WG , (1975) Extreme hemodilution with profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Bibl Haematol 41:225–238

Lawner P Laurent J Simeone F Fink E Rubin E , (1979) Attenuation of ischemic brain edema by pentobarbital after carotid ligation in the gerbil. Stroke 10:644–647

Lee MC Mastri AR Waltz AG Loewenson RB , (1974) Ineffectiveness of dexamethasone for treatment of experimental cerebral infarction. Stroke 5:216–218

Levine S , (1960) Anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rats. Am J Pathol 36:1–17

Levine S Payan H , (1966) Effects of ischemia and other procedures on the brain and retina of the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Exp Neurol 16:255–262

Levy DE Brierley JB , (1979) Delayed pentobarbital administration limits ischemic brain damage in gerbils. Ann Neurol 5:59–64

Levy DE Duffy TE , (1977) Cerebral energy metabolism during transient ischemia and recovery in the gerbil. J Neurochem 28:63–70

Levy DE van Uitert RL Pike CL , (1979) Delayed postischemic hypoperfusion: A potentially damaging consequence of stroke. Neurology 29:1245–1252

Lin SR , (1979) Changes of plasma volume and hematocrit after circulatory arrest: An experimental study in dogs. Invest Radiol 14:202–206

Lin SR O'Connor MJ King A Harnish P Fischer HW , (1979) Effect of dextran on cerebral function and blood flow after cardiac arrest. An experimental study on the dog. Stroke 10:13–20

Little JR O'Shaughnessy D , (1979) Treatment of acute focal ischemia with continuous CSF drainage and mannitol. Stroke 10:446–450

Little JR Slugg RM Latchaw JP Jr Lesser RP , (1981a) Treatment of acute focal cerebral ischemia with concentrated albumin. Neurosurgery 9:552–558

Little JR Cook A Lesser RP , (1981b) Treatment of acute focal cerebral ischemia with dimethyl sulfoxide. Neurosurgery 9:34–39

Ljunggren B Ratcheson RA Siesjö BK , (1974) Cerebral metabolic state following complete compression ischemia. Brain Res 73:291–307

Lowry OH Passonneau JV Hasselberger FX Schulz DW , (1964) Effect of ischemia on known substrates and cofactors of the glycolytic pathway in brain. J Biol Chem 239:18–30

Marshall LF Welsh F Durity F Lounsbury R Graham DI Langfitt TW , (1975) Experimental cerebral oligemia and ischemia produced by intracranial hypertension. 3. Brain energy metabolism. J Neurosurg 43:323–328

Matakas F Eibs G Cuypers J , (1975) Effect of systemic arterial blood pressure on cerebral blood flow in intracranial hypertension. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 38:1206–1210

Matsuoka Y Hossmann K-A , (1981) The effect of induced hypertension on pial artery micropressure after middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 1 (Suppl 1):164–165

Meier-Ruge W Emmenegger H Enz A Gygax P Iwangoff P Wiernsperger N , (1978) Pharmacological aspects of dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids in experimental brain research. Pharmacology 16 (Suppl 1):45–62

Meldrum BS Papy J-J Vigouroux RA , (1971) Intracarotid air embolism in the baboon: Effects on cerebral blood flow and the electroencephalogram. Brain Res 25:301–315

Michenfelder JD , (1974) The interdependency of cerebral functional and metabolic effects following massive doses of thiopental in the dog. Anesthesiology 41:231–236

Michenfelder JD Milde JH , (1975) Influence of anesthetics on metabolic, functional and pathological responses to regional cerebral ischemia. Stroke 6:405–410

Michenfelder JD Milde JH , (1977) Failure of prolonged hypocapnia, hypothermia, or hypertension to favorably alter acute stroke in primates. Stroke 8:87–91

Mizoi K Yoshimoto T Suzuki J , (1981) Experimental study of new cerebral protective substances—Functional recovery of severe, incomplete ischemic brain lesions pretreated with mannitol and fluorocarbon emulsion. Acta Neurochir 56:157–166

Morawetz RB Crowell RH DeGirolami U Marcoux FW Jones TH Halsey JH , (1979) Regional cerebral blood flow thresholds during cerebral ischemia. Fed Proc 38:2493–2494

Moseley JI Laurent JP Molinari GF , (1975) Barbiturate attenuation of the clinical course and pathologic lesions in a primate stroke model. Neurology 25:870–874

Müller R Schröer R , (1979) Cerebrovascular circulatory disorders: New aspects of pathophysiology and therapy. J Med 10:347–364

Myers RE , (1976) Anoxic brain pathology and blood glucose. Neurology 26:345

Nemoto EM Snyder JV Carroll RG Morita H , (1975) Global ischemia in dogs: Cerebrovascular CO₂ reactivity and autoregulation. Stroke 6:425–431

Nemoto EM Bleyaert AL Stezoski SW Moossy J Rao GR Safar P , (1977) Global brain ischemia. A reproducible monkey model. Stroke 8:558–564

Nemoto EM Shiu G Alexander H , (1980) Brain free fatty acids (FFA) during decapitation ischemia in awake and pentobarbital anesthetized rats. Fed Proc 39:407

Nemoto EM Hossmann K-A Cooper HK , (1981) Post-ischemic hypermetabolism in cat brain. Stroke 12:666–676

Neumann L Benzing H , (1969) Wirkung einer Unterbindung der A. cerebri media auf Durchblutung, O₂-Druck and Säure-Baseninhalt in deren Versorgungsbereich. Pfluegers Arch 307:R115

Nordström C-H Siesjö BK , (1978) Effects of phenobarbital in cerebral ischemia. Part I: Cerebral energy metabolism during pronounced incomplete ischemia. Stroke 9:327–335

Nordström CH Rehncrona S Siesjö BK , (1976) Restitution of cerebral energy state after complete and incomplete ischemia of 30 min duration. Acta Physiol Scand 97:270–272

Nordström C-H Rehncrona S Siesjö BK , (1978a) Restitution of cerebral energy state, as well as of glycolytic metabolites, citric acid cycle intermediates and associated amino acids after 30 minutes of complete ischemia in rats anaesthetized with nitrous oxide or phenobarbital. J Neurochem 30:479–486

Nordström C-H Rehncrona S Siesjö BK , (1978b) Effects of phenobarbital in cerebral ischemia. Part II: Restitution of cerebral energy state, as well as of glycolytic metabolites, citric acid cycle intermediates and associated amino acids after pronounced incomplete ischemia. Stroke 9:335–343

Nowicki J-P MacKenzie ET Spinnewyn B , (1982) Effects of agents used in the pharmacotherapy of cerebrovascular disease on the oxygen consumption of isolated cerebral mitochondria. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 2:33–40

Norwood WI Norwood CR Castaneda AR , (1979) Cerebral anoxia: Effect of deep hypothermia and pH. Surgery 86:203–209

O'Connor M Lin SR King A Fischer HW , (1979) Evaluation of therapeutic mechanisms of plasma expander and fibrinolytic agent following cardiac arrest. Experimental study on the dog. Microvasc Res 17:S166–166

Okamoto K Yamori Y Nagaoka A , (1974) Establishment of the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), Circ Res 34 (Suppl 1):143–153

Olsson Y Crowell RM Klatzo I , (1971) The blood-brain barrier to protein tracers in focal cerebral ischemia and infarction caused by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Acta Neuropathol 18:89–102

Opitz E Schneider M , (1950) Über die Sauerstoffversorgung des Gehirnes und den Mechanismus der Mangelwirkungen. Ergebn Physiol 46:126–260

Paschen W Matsuoka Y Niebuhr I Hossmann K-A , (1981) Regional biochemistry of the energy-producing metabolism of the cat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. In: Cerebral Microcirculation and Metabolism ( Cervos-Navarro J Fritschka E , eds), New York, Raven Press, pp 337–342

Passero S Battistini N Fieschi C , (1981) Platelet embolism in rabbit brain. Stroke 12:781–786

Peerless SJ Ishikawa R Hunter IG Peerless MJ , (1981) Protective effect of fluosol-DA in acute cerebral ischemia. Stroke 12:558–563

Pontius RG Bloodwell RD Cooley DA de Bakey ME , (1954) Use of hypothermia in prevention of brain damage following temporary arrest of cerebral circulation: Experimental observations. Surg Forum 5:224–228

Popovic P Popovic V Schaffer R Sutton CH , (1978) Treatment of experimental cerebral infarction in rats with levodopa or with glycerol. J Neurosurg 48:962–969

Pulsinelli WA Brierley JB , (1979) A new method of bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the unanesthetized rat. Stroke 10:267–272

Pulsinelli WA Plum F Brierley JB , (1979) Barbiturate exacerbation of ischemic brain damage following bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the rat. Ann Neurol 6:156

Regli F Yamaguchi T Waltz AG , (1971a) Responses of surface arteries and blood flow of ischemic and nonischemic cerebral cortex to aminophylline, ergotamine tartrate, and acetazolamide. Stroke 2:461–470

Regli F Yamaguchi T Waltz AG , (1971b) Cerebral circulation, Effects of vasodilating drugs on blood flow and the microvasculature of ischemic and nonischemic cerebral cortex. Arch Neurol 24:467–474

Rehncrona S Abdul-Rahman A Siesjö BK , (1979a) Local cerebral blood flow in the post-ischemic period. Acta Neurol Scand 60 (Suppl 72):294–295

Rehncrona S Mela L Siesjö BK , (1979b) Recovery of brain mitochondrial function in the rat after complete and incomplete cerebral ischemia. Stroke 10:437–446

Rehncrona S Westerberg E Akesson B Siesjö BK , (1982) Brain cortical fatty acids and phospholipids during and following complete and severe incomplete ischemia. J Neurochem 38:84–93

Safar P Bleyaert A Nemoto EM Moossy J Snyder JV , (1978) Resuscitation after global brain ischemia-anoxia. Crit Care Med 6:215–227

Schuier FJ Hossmann K-A , (1980) Experimental brain infarcts in cats. II Ischemic brain edema. Stroke 11:593–601

Schuier FJ Vise M Hossmann K-A Zülch KJ , (1978) Cerebral microembolization II. Morphological studies. Arch Neurol 35:264–270

Shapiro HM Stromberg DD Lee DR Wiederhielm CA , (1971) Dynamic pressures in the pial arterial microcirculation. Am J Physiol 221:279–283

Shapiro HM Wyte StR Loeser J , (1974) Barbiturate-augmented hypothermia for reduction of persistent intracranial hypertension. J Neurosurg 40:90–100

Shay J , (1973) Does calcium influx into ischemic cells stop ADP phosphorylation? (Letter) Lancet 2:1392

Shiu GK Nemoto EM , (1981) Barbiturate attenuation of brain free fatty acid liberation during global ischemia. J Neurochem 37:1448–1456

Siegel BA Studer RK Potchen EJ , (1972) Steroid therapy of brain edema. Ineffectiveness in experimental cerebral microembolism. Arch Neurol 27:209–212

Siemkowicz E , (1980) Improvement of restitution from cerebral ischemia in hyperglycemic rats by pentobarbital or diazepam. Acta Neurol Scand 61:368–377

Siemkowicz E Hansen AJ , (1978) Clinical restitution following cerebral ischemia in hypo-, normo- and hyperglycemic rats. Acta Neurol Scand 58:1–8

Siemkowicz E Hansen AJ , (1981) Brain extracellular ion composition and EEG activity following 10 minutes ischemia in normo- and hyperglycemic rats. Stroke 12:236–240

Siesjö BK , (1981) Cell damage in the brain: A speculative synthesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 1:155–185

Simeone FA Frazer G Lawner P , (1979) Ischemic brain edema: Comparative effects of barbiturates and hypothermia. Stroke 10:8–12

Smialek M Klatzo I Spatz M , (1979) The effects of hypothermia, γ-hydroxybutyrate and γ-butyrolactone on cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. Stroke 10:103–104

Smith AL Hoff JT Nielsen SL Larson CP , (1974) Barbiturate protection in acute focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 5:1–7

Snyder JV Nemoto EM Carroll RG Safar P , (1975) Global ischemia in dogs: Intracranial pressure, brain blood flow and metabolism. Stroke 6:21–27

Sokoloff L , (1981) Relationships among local functional activity, energy metabolism, and blood flow in the central nervous system. Fed Proc 40:2311–2316

Steen PA , (1980) Barbiturate protection against ischemic brain damage. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 40:205–207

Steen PA Michenfelder JD , (1978) Cerebral protection with barbiturates: Relation to anesthetic effect. Stroke 9:140–142

Steen PA Michenfelder JD , (1981) Pentoxifylline does not protect mice against hypoxia. Acta Anesthesiol Scand 25:169–170

Steen PA Soule EH Michenfelder JD , (1979a) Detrimental effect of prolonged hypothermia in cats and monkeys with and without regional cerebral ischemia. Stroke 10:522–529

Steen PA Milde JH Michenfelder JD , (1979b) No barbiturate protection in a dog model of complete cerebral ischemia. Ann Neurol 5:343–349

Stefanovich V , (1981) Animal Models and Hypoxia. Oxford, Pergamon Press

Stullken EH Jr Sokoll MD , (1976) The effects of heparin on recovery from ischemic brain injuries in cats. Anesth Analg 55:683–687

Sundt TM Jr Waltz AG , (1967) Hemodilution and anticoagulation. Effects on the microvasculature and microcirculation of the cerebral cortex after arterial occlusion, Neurology 17:230–238

Symon L , (1975) Experimental model of stroke in baboon. Adv Neurol 10:199–212

Symon L Khodadad G Montoya G , (1971) Effect of carbon dioxide inhalation on the pattern of gaseous metabolism in ischaemic zones of the primate cortex. An experimental study of the “intracerebral steal” phenomenon in baboons. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 34:481–486

Symon L Branston NM Strong AJ , (1976) Autoregulation in acute focal ischemia. An experimental study. Stroke 7:547–554

Symon L Branston NM Strong AJ Hope TD , (1977) The concepts of thresholds of ischaemia in relation to brain structure and function. J Clin Pathol 30 (Suppl 11) 149–154

Symon L Branston NM Chikovani O , (1979) Ischemic brain edema following middle cerebral artery occlusion in baboons: Relationship between regional cerebral water content and blood flow at 1 to 2 hours. Stroke 10:184–191

Takagi S Cocito L Hossmann K-A , (1977) Blood recirculation and pharmacological responsiveness of the cerebral vasculature following prolonged ischemia of cat brain. Stroke 8:707–712

Tamura A Asano T Sano K Tsumagari T Nakajima A , (1979) Protection from cerebral ischemia by a new imidazole derivative (Y-9179) and pentobarbital. A comparative study in chronic middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats. Stroke 10:126–134

Toole JF McGraw CP , (1975) The steal syndromes. Annu Rev Med 26:321–329

Torre de la JC Surgeon JW , (1976) Dexamethasone and DMSO in experimental transorbital cerebral infarction. Stroke 7:577–583

Traupe H Heiss W-D Umbach C , (1981) Microflow and cortical neuronal function during temporary ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 1 (Suppl 1):190–191

Tweed WA Wade JG Davidson WJ , (1977) Mechanisms of “the low-flow” state during resuscitation of the totally ischemic brain. Can J Neurol Sci 4:19–23

Vise WM Schuier FJ Hossmann K-A Takagi S Zülch KJ , (1977) Cerebral microembolization. I. Pathophysiological studies. Arch Neurol 34:660–665

Waltz AG , (1968) Effect of blood pressure on blood flow in ischemic and in nonischemic cerebral cortex. The phenomena of autoregulation and luxury perfusion. Neurology 18:613–621

Waltz AG , (1979) Clinical relevance of models of cerebral ischemia. Stroke 10:211–213

Weidler DF Jallad NS Black KL , (1979) Critical plasma pentobarbital levels in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 26:35–45

Welch KMA Meyer JS Teraura T Hashi K Shinmaru S , (1972) Ischemic anoxia and cerebral serotonin levels. J Neurol Sci 16:85–92

Welch KMA Chabi E Buckingham J Bergin B Achar VS Meyer JS , (1977) Catecholamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in ischemic brain. Influence of parachlorophenylalanine. Stroke 8:341–346

Welsh FA Ginsberg MD Rieder W Budd WW , (1980) Deleterious effect of glucose pretreatment on recovery from diffuse cerebral ischemia in the cat. II. Regional metabolite levels. Stroke 11:355–363

White RJ , (1978) Cerebral hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Review and commentary. Mayo Clin Proc 53:450–458

White RJ Austin PE Jr Austin JC Taslitz N Takoaka Y , (1973) Recovery of the subhuman primate after deep cerebral hypothermia and prolonged ischaemia. Resuscitation 2:117–122

Yamamoto M Okada Y Shima T Ishikawa S Uozumi T Yamada K Kawasaki T , (1979) Regional cerebral energy metabolism in dogs following artificial embolization of the middle cerebral artery. Acta Neurol Scand 60 (Suppl 72):48–49

Yamori Y Horie R , (1977) Developmental course of hypertension and regional cerebral blood flow in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 8:456–461

Yasuda H Shuto S Tsumagari T Nakajima A , (1978) Protective effect of a novel imidazole derivative against cerebral anoxia. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 233:136–144

Yonas H Dujovny M Segal R Nelson D , (1979) A rational approach for the treatment of focal cerebral ischemia with barbiturates and/or microvascular surgery. Stroke 10:103

Zimmer R Lang R Oberdörster G , (1971) Post-ischemic reactive hyperemia of the isolated perfused brain of the dog. Pfluegers Arch 328:332–343

Zimmermann V Hossmann V Hossmann K-A , (1975) Intracranial pressure after prolonged cerebral ischemia. In: Intracranial Pressure II ( Lundberg N Pontén U Brock M , eds), Berlin, Springer, pp 177–182