Microbial community composition in subgingival plaques and heterogeneity of tumor tissue TCR β CDR3 repertoire in patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The human oral cavity contains over 700 types of bacteria that may protect the body against colonization by exogenous pathogens and maintain relative homeostasis. However, alterations in the immune status can disrupt the balance between microorganisms and the host, inducing various diseases such as oral cancer and diabetes mellitus. The mechanism underlying this process is not clearly understood.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between subgingival bacteria, T-cell receptor $\beta$ -chain complementarity-determining region 3 (TCR $\beta$ CDR3), and the development oforal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

METHODS:

We grouped patients as “healthy periodontal” (H), “moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis” (C), and “moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis with OSCC” (T). Bacterial groups were “subgingival plaque” (bp) and “gingival/tumor tissue” (g). We also recorded patients’ age, gender, attachment level (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD). We extracted and sequenced RNA from plaques, gingival tissues, tumors, and teeth. We performed high-throughput sequencing on TCR $\beta$ CDR3 and plaque bacteria.

RESULTS:

Synergistetes and Veillonella parvula were more abundant in the H group than in the T group. Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, and Streptococcus infantis were enriched in the T-bp group. AL, BOP, and PD were positively correlated with Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, and Pseudomonas but negatively correlated with Prevotella nigrescens and V. parvula. TCR $\beta$ CDR3 diversity was C $>$ H $>$ T. TCR $\beta$ -chain Variable gene (TRBV)20-1 usage varied among the H, C, and T groups. TRBV2 and TRBV5-1 usage was greater in the T group than in the C group. TRBJ1-1, TRBJ1-2, TRBJ2-2, TRBJ2-7, and TRBJ2-5 were most frequently used.

CONCLUSIONS:

These trends and the reduction of gingival Synergistetes were correlated with OSCC. TCR $\beta$ CDR3 diversity was the lowest in patients in the T group, and there were considerable changes in the expression of TRBV2 and TRBJ. Therefore, plaque bacterial composition can influence TCR $\beta$ CDR3.