Abstract
Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing. We are now beginning to see additive manufacturing used for the fabrication of a range of functional end use components. In this review, we briefly discuss the evolution of additive manufacturing from its roots in accelerating product development to its proliferation into a variety of fields. Here, we focus on some of the key technologies that are advancing additive manufacturing and present some state of the art applications.
Keywords
References
1.
Wohlers T.
(2011 ) Wohlers Report 2011: Additive manufacturing and 3D Printing State of the Industry Annual Worldwide Progress Report.
2.
Cormier D.
,
Harrysson O. L.
, and
Mahale T.
(2003 ) J. Chin. Inst. Industr. Eng. , 20 , 193 –201 .
3.
Jacobs P. F.
(1992 ) Rapid prototyping and manufacturing: Fundamentals of sterolithography. SME
4.
Gibson I.
,
Rosen D. W.
, and
Stucker B.
(2010 ) Additive manufacturing technologies: Rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing. Springer , New York
5.
Wohlers T.
(2005 ) Wohlers Report 2005: Additive manufacturing and 3D Printing State of the Industry Annual Worldwide Progress Report.
6.
Singh R.
(2010 ) Adv. Mater.Res. , 86 , 342 –349 .
7.
Dimitrov D.
,
Schreve K.
, and
de Beer N.
(2006 ) Rapid Prototyp. J. , 12 , 136 –147 .
8.
Goodridge R. D.
,
Tuck C. J.
, and
Hague R. J.
(2012 ) Progr. Mater. Sci. , 57 , 229 –267 .
9.
Vandenbroucke B.
, and
Kruth J.P.
(2007 ) Rapid Prototyp. J. , 13 , 196 –203 .
10.
Ram G. D.
,
Robinson C.
,
Yang Y.
, and
Stucker B. E.
(2007 ) Rapid Prototyp. J. , 13 (4 ), 226 –235 .
11.
Wu X.
(2006 ) Intermetallics , 14 , 1114 –1122 .
12.
Cormier D.
,
Harrysson O.
,
Mahale T.
, and
West H.
(2007 ) Res. Lett. Mater. Sci. , 2007 , 1 –4 .
13.
Biamino S.
,
Penna A.
,
Ackelid U.
,
Sabbadini S.
,
Tassa O.
,
Fino P.
, and
Gennaro P.
(2010 ) Intermetallics , 19 , 776 –781 .
14.
Williams C.
,
Cochran J.K.
, and
Rosen D.W.
(2011 ) Int. J. Adv. Manufact. Techn. , 53 , 231 –239 .
15.
Cansizoglu O.
,
Harrysson O.
,
Cormier D.
,
West H.
, and
Mahale T.
(2008 ) Mater.Sci. Eng. A , 492 (1-2 ), 468 –474 .
16.
Cansizoglu O.
,
Harrysson O.
,
West H.
,
Cormier D.
, and
Mahale T.
(2008 ) Rapid Prototyp. J. , 14 , 114 –122 .
17.
Levy G.N.
,
Schindel R.
, and
Kruth J.P.
(2003 ) CIRP Annals-Manufact. Techn. , 52 , 589 –609 .
18.
Wong M.
,
Tsopanos S.
,
Sutcliffe C.J.
, and
Owen I.
(2005 ) Rapid Prototyp. J. , 13 , 291 –297 .
19.
Frigola P.
,
Agustsson R.
,
Boucher S.
,
Murokh A.
,
Rosenzweig J.
,
Travish G.
,
Faillace L.
,
Cormier D.
, and
Mahale T.
(2008 ) Proc. 11th European Particle Accelerator Conf. , 751 –753 .
20.
Gibson I.
,
Cheung L.K.
,
Chow S.L.
,
Cheung W.L.
,
Beh S.L.
,
Salvani M.
, and
Lee S.H.
(2006 ) Rapid Prototyp. J. , 12 , 53 –58 .
21.
Christensen A. M.
,
Humphries S. M.
,
Goh K. Y. C.
, and
Swift D.
(2004 ) Child's Nervous System , 20 , 547 –553 .
22.
Doyle B.J.
,
Morris L.G.
,
Callanan A.
,
Kelly P.
,
Vorp D.A.
, and
McGlouglin T.M.
(2008 ) J. Biomed. Eng. , 130 , 034501
23.
Reeves P.
,
Tucker C.
,
Hauge R.
, (2011 ). In:
Fogliatto F. S.
, and
Da Silveira G. J.
(eds), Mass customization , pp. 275 –289 . Springer , London .
24.
Harrysson O.L.A.
,
Cansizoglu O.
,
Marcellin-Little D.J.
,
Cormier D.R.
, and
West H.A.
, (2007 ) Mater. Sci. Eng. , 28 ∼, 366 –373
25.
Haslauer C.M.
,
Springer J.C.
,
Harrysson O.L.A.
,
Loboa E.
,
Moteiro-Riviere N.A.
, and
Marcellin-Little D.J.
(2010 ) Med. Eng.Phys. , 32 , 645 –652 .
26.
Palmquist A.
,
Snis A.
,
Emanuelsson L.
,
Browne M.
, and
Thomsen P.
(2011 ) J. Biomater. Appl. , E-published ahead of Print
27.
Melchels F.P.W.
,
Domingos M.A.N.
,
Klein T.J.
,
Malda J.
,
Bartolo P.J.
, and
Hutmacher D.M.
(2012 ) Additive Manufacturing of Tissues and Organs. Progress in Polymer Science. Available Online 8 December 2011 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079670011001328)
28.
Atala A.
(2011 ) Br. Med. Bull. , 97 , 81 –104 .
29.
Nakamura M.
,
Kobayashi A.
,
Takagi F.
,
Watanabe A.
,
Hiruma Y.
,
Ohuchi K.
,
Iwasaki Y.
,
Horie M.
,
Morita I.
, and
Takatani S.
(2005 ) Tiss. Eng. , 11 , 1658 –1666 .
30.
Xu T.
,
Olson J.
,
Zhao W.
,
Atala A.
,
Zhu J-M.
, and
Yoo J.J.
(2008 ) J. Manufact. Sci. Eng. , 130 , 1 –7 .
31.
Visconti R. P.
,
Kasyanov V.
,
Gentile C.
,
Zhang J.
,
Markwald R.R.
, and
Mironov V.
(2010 ) Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. , 10 , 409 –420 .
32.
Hon K.K.
B,
Li L.
, and
Hutchings I.M.
(2008 ) CIRP Annals-Manufact. Techn. , 57 , 601 –620 .
33.2011 , Print me a Stradivarius, The Economist , 10 February 2011