Manufacturing cost estimation models can overcome some of the limitations of relying only on design experience. This paper outlines the role of cost models in design for manufacture (DFM) and the requirements for a design for manufacturing cost estimation models. Cost models for a process typical of batch production of fabricated steel welded assemblies, i.e. tack welding, are presented as examples in this paper, and references are given for cost models of other fabrication processes. The cost models were developed from data collected through time studies and analysed using robust regression statistical methods. The model estimates were compared to production estimates from two companies.
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