Leiomyomatosis Confined to Cornu in a Bicornuate Uterus: A Rare Association

Abstract

Uterine leiomyoma is a common benign pathology usually affecting women of reproductive age. Despite the prevalence and its impact on global health care system, the exact etiopathogenesis remains unclear. Uterine anomalies are congenital malformations caused by fusion or resorption defects of Müllerian ducts during embryogenesis. The case provided is a 52-year-old woman who presented with abdominal distention and postmenopausal bleeding. She was diagnosed with bicornuate uterus, along with leiomyomatosis confined to one cornu only, a rare and interesting association. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy that confirmed the imaging diagnosis. On histopathological examination, uterine leiomyomatosis with myxoid degeneration was revealed. Leiomyomatosis in the presence of uterine anomalies is a diagnostic challenge because of its rarity. However, with the availability of three-dimensional (3D), four-dimensional (4D) sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging, an accurate diagnosis can be reached, and successful treatment provided.