Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a developmental anomaly that occurs in the medullary pyramids of the kidney. MSK is characterized by cystic dilation of the distal collecting tubules and ducts in one or more renal pyramids. Many patients remain asymptomatic, but patients with symptoms of nephrolithiasis, hematuria, and infection should be carefully evaluated for medullary sponge kidney disease. A case is presented in which sonography is used to diagnose MSK.
Encyclopedia of Medical Imaging: Vol. 4. Accessed January 14, 2004, from http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia
3.
Polsdorfer J:Health A to Z: medullary sponge kidney. Accessed January 14, 2004, from http://www.healthatoz.com
4.
Darmady E, Maclyer A:Renal Pathology. Boston, Butterworth, 1980.
5.
Pathology of renal cystic diseases: medullary sponge kidney. Florida State University College of Medicine Web path. Accessed April 18, 2004, from http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/RENCYST/RENCYST.html
6.
Tisher C, Brenner B:Cystic diseases of the kidney: medullary sponge kidney: Clinical and Functional Correlations. Vol. 2. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1994, pp 1335-1337.
7.
Ghosh A:Medullary sponge kidney. Accessed January 14, 2004, from http://www.imedicine.com
8.
Stapleton FB:Medullary sponge kidney. In: Jacobson H, Striker G, Klahr S (eds): Medullary Sponge Kidney. Philadelphia, B. C. Decker, 1991, pp 379-381.
9.
Shaul R:Massry and Glassock’s Textbook of Nephrology. Vol. 2, 3rd ed.Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1995, p 1839.
10.
Khan A, Muthusamy C, Macdonald S:Medullary sponge kidney. Accessed January 14, 2004, from http://www.imedicine.com/wc.dll?emedclass%7EDisplayTopic%7E&bookid=12&Topic=433
11.
Goldfarb DS, Coe FL:Prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis. Am Fam Physician1999;60:2269-2276.
