Transvagina1 Hysterosonogram

Abstract

Transvaginal hysterosonography is used to evaluate the endometrial lining in postmenopausal women by outlining the endometrium with fluid. Indicators for this examination include: enlarged uterus on physical examination, hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, postmenopausal bleeding, a thickened or irregular endometrial lining seen with ultrasound, and endometrial fluid. Sonographic finding include endometrial polyps, myomata, intrauterine synechiae, hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer.

Keywords

endometrium transvaginal hysterosonogram ultrasound uterus

References

1. Fleischer AC , Kalemeris GC , Machin JE , et al: Sonographic depiction of normal and abnormal endometrium with histopathologic correlation. J Ultrasound Med 1986;5:446-452.

2. Nasri MN , Coast GJ : Correlation of ultrasound findings and histopathology in post menopausal women. Brj Obstet Gynaecol 1989;96:1333-1338.

3. Nasri MN , Shepard JH , Setchell DG , et al: Sonographic depiction of postmenopausal endometrium with transabdominal and transvaginal scanning. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1991;1:279-283.

4. Granberg S , Wikland M , Karlsson B , et al: Endometrial thickness as measured by endovaginal ultrasonography for identifying endometrial abnormality. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164:47-52.

5. Sheth S , Hamper V , Kurman R : Thickened endometrium in the postmenopausal women: Sonographic pathologic correlation. Radiology 1993;187:135-139.

6. Pettersson B , Adami HO , Lindgren A , et al: Endometrial polyps and hyperplasia as risk factors for endometrial cancer: A case control study of curettage specimans. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand 1985;64:653-659.

7. Parsons AK , Lense JJ : Sonohysterography for endometrial abnormalities: Preliminary results. J Clin Ultrasound 1993;21: 87-95.

8. Osmers R , Volksen M , Schauer A : Vaginosonography for early detection of endometrial cancer? Lancet 1990;335:1569-1571.

9. Nasri MN , Shepard JH , Setchell ME , et al: The role of vaginal scan in the measurement of endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1991;98:470-475.

10.

10. Lin MC , Gosink B , Wolf S . et al: Endometrial thickness after menopause: Effect of hormone replacement. Radiology 1991;180:427-432.

11.

11. Conte M , Guariglia L , Benedetti-Panici P . et al: Transvaginal ultrasound evaluation of myometrial invasion in ednometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1990;29:224-226.

12.

12. Malpani A , SingerJ , Wolverson MK : Endometrial hyperplasia: Valve of endometrial thickness in ultrasonographic diagnosis and clinical significance. JCU Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 1990;18:173-177.