Even though Chaenomeles sinensis is extensively used as a medicinal product to cure coughs, little is known about the biomedical efficacies of C. sinensis. In this study, we report the novel efficacy of C. sinensis extract (Cs-E01). Our 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide anion scavenging assays revealed that Cs-E01 exhibits strong antioxidant activity in vitro. In addition, Cs-E01 played a negative role in transforming growth factor (TGF-β1)-induced gene expression in LX-2 cells, suggesting that Cs-E01 is related to the cellular pathway suppressing liver damage.
MiaoJ., ZhaoC., LiX., ChenX., MaoX., HuangH., WangT., GaoW. (2016) Chemical composition and bioactivities of two common Chaenomeles fruits in China: Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis.Journal of Food Science, 81, H2049–2058.
2.
(a) LoboV., PatilA., PhatakA., ChandraN. (2010) Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Review, 4, 118–126; (b) Friedman SL (2003) Liver fibrosis-from bench to bedside. Journal of Hepatology, 38, (Suppl. 1) S38–S53.
3.
BatallerR., BrennerD.A. (2001) Hepatic stellate cells as a target for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Seminars in Liver Disease, 21, 437–451.
4.
ReevesH.L., FriedmanS.L. (2002) Activation of hepatic stellate cells: a key issue in liver fibrosis. Frontiers in Bioscience, 7, d808–d826.
5.
LotersztajnS., JulienB., Teixeira-ClercF., GrenardP., MallatA. (2005) Hepatic fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and drug targets. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 45, 605–628; (b) Xu L, Hui AY, Albanis E, Arthur MJ, O'Byrne SM, Blaner WS, Mukherjee P, Friedman SL, Eng FJ (2005) Human hepatic stellate cell lines, LX-1 and LX-2: new tools for analysis of hepatic fibrosis. Gut, 54, 142-151.
6.
(a) KisselevaT., BrennerD.A. (2007) Role of hepatic stellate cells in fibrogenesis and the reversal of fibrosis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 22, (Suppl. 1) S73–S78; (b) Chen L, Yu LJ, Waxman DJ (1997) Potentiation of cytochrome P450/cyclophosphamide-based cancer gene therapy by coexpression of the P450 reductase gene. Cancer Research, 57, 480-487.
7.
MachmudahS., Wahyudiono, KandaH., GotoM. (2016) Hydrothermal extraction of phytochemical compounds from Polygonum cuspidatum roots in a semi-batch reactor system. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11, 9509–9518.
8.
NithiananthamK., ShyamalaM., ChenY., LathaL.Y., JothyS.L., SasidharanS. (2011) Hepatoprotective potential of Clitoria ternatea leaf extract against paracetamol induced damage in mice. Molecules, 16, 10134–10145.
9.
ZurainiZ., RaisA., Yoga LathaL., SasidharanS., XavierR. (2008) Antioxidant activity of Coleus Blumei, Orthosiphon stamineus, Ocimum basilicum and Mentha arvensis from Lamiaceae Family. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences, 2, 93–95.
10.
CosP., YingL., CalommeM., HuJ.P., CimangaK., Van PoelB., PietersL., VlietinckA.J. (1998) Structure-activity relationship and classification of flavonoids as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and superoxide scavengers. Journal of Natural Products, 61, 71–76.
11.
IngridA.L.P., KarinP., StaffanH., RolfG.G.A. (2011) Effects of cocoa extract and dark chocolate on angiotensin-converting enzyme and nitric oxide in human endothelial cells and healthy volunteers-A nutrigenomics perspective. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 57, 44–50.