The global emergence of new media and social change have drawn attention to the topic of digital citizenship. Previous literature has examined individuals’ digital citizenship with some determinants of technology use. However, individuals’ level of social media competence (SMC) has not yet been examined in relation to digital citizenship. To increase knowledge of the ingredients that may be important for education programs to improve individuals’ digital citizenship, this study examined SMC and digital citizenship among 772 college students. The results identified that five of the six social media competencies examined were predictors of individuals’ digital citizenship. These findings provided empirical evidence of a relationship between SMC and digital citizenship, which should be considered by researchers and practitioners when formalizing educational programs, developing curricula, and designing pedagogy for improving individuals’ digital citizenship.
AlberJMBernhardtJMStellefsonM, et al. (2015) Designing and testing an inventory for measuring social media competency of certified health education specialists. Journal of Medical Internet Research17(9): 221–221.
2.
Al-ZahraniA (2015) Toward digital citizenship: Examining factors affecting participation and involvement in the Internet society among higher education students. International Education Studies8(12): 203–217.
3.
BanduraA (1977) Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review84(2): 191–215.
4.
BensonVFilippaiosF (2015) Collaborative competencies in professional social networking: Are students short changed by curriculum in business education?Computers in Human Behavior51: 1331–1339.
5.
BensonVMorganSFilippaiosF (2014) Social career management: Social media and employability skills gap. Computers in Human Behavior30: 519–525.
6.
BeresfordARKublerDPreibuschS (2012) Unwillingness to pay for privacy: A field experiment. Economics Letters117: 25–27.
7.
CarrCTHayesRA (2015) Social media: Defining, developing, and divining. Atlantic Journal of Communication23: 46–65.
8.
ChoiGChungH (2013) Applying the technology acceptance model to social networking sites (SNS): Impact of subjective norm and social capital on the acceptance of SNS. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction29: 619–628.
9.
ChoiMGlassmanMCristolD (2017) What it means to be a citizen in the internet age: Development of a reliable and valid digital citizenship scale. Computers & Education107: 100–112.
10.
CompeauDRHigginsCA (1995) Computer self-efficacy: Development of measure and initial test. MIS Quarterly19(2): 189–211.
11.
DabbaghNKitsantasA (2012) Personal learning environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning. Internet and Higher Education15(1): 3–8.
12.
DavisFD (1989) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly13(3): 319–340.
13.
DeAndreaDEllisonNBLaRoseR, et al. (2012) Serious social media: On the use of social media for improving students’ adjustment to college. Internet and Higher Education15: 15–23.
14.
EllisonNBSteinfieldCLampeC (2007) The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication12(4): 1143–1168.
15.
EngotoitBKituyiGMMoyaMB (2016) Influence of performance expectancy on commercial farmers’ intention to use mobile-based communication technologies for agricultural market information dissemination in Uganda. Journal of Systems and Information Technology18(4): 346–363.
16.
GauvreauSHurstDCleveland-InnesM, et al. (2016) Online professional skills workshop: Perspective from distance education graduate students. International Review of research in Open and Distributed Learning17(5): 91–108.
17.
GhobadiSGhobadiZ (2015) How access gaps impact and shape digital divide: A cognitive investigation. Behaviour and Information Technology34(4): 330–340.
18.
GikasJGrantMM (2013) Mobile computing devices in higher education: Student perspectives on learning with cellphone, smartphones and social media. Internet and Higher Education19: 18–26.
19.
GreenhowCRobeliaB (2009) Informal learning and identity formation in online social networks. Learning, Media and Technology34(2): 119–140.
GuilleminFBombardierCBeatonD (1993) Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: Literature review and proposed guidelines. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology46(12): 1417–1432.
22.
HairJFJrAndersonRETathamRL, et al. (1995) Multivariate Data Analysis, 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan.
23.
HallamCZanellaG (2017) Online self-disclosure: The privacy paradox explained as a temporally discounted balance between concerns and rewards. Computers in Human Behavior68: 217–227.
24.
HarknessJASchoua-GlusbergA (1998) Questionnaires in translation. In: HarknessJA (ed) Cross-cultural Survey Equivalence. Mannheim: Wiley-Interscience, pp. 87–126.
25.
HocevarKPFlanaginAJMetzgerMJ (2014) Social media self-efficacy and information evaluation online. Computers in Human Behavior39: 254–262.
26.
HuffmanAHWhettenJHuffmanWH (2013) Using technology in higher education: The influence of gender roles on technology self-efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior29: 1779–1786.
27.
HwangY (2011) Is communication competence still good for interpersonal media? Mobile phone and instant messenger. Computers in Human Behavior27(2): 924–934.
28.
IrwinCBallLDesbrowB, et al. (2012) Students’ perceptions of using Facebook as an interactive learning resource at university. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology28(7): 1221–1232.
29.
ISTE (2016) ISTE standards for students 2016. International Society for Technology in Education. Available at:http://www.iste.org/standards(accessed 18 November 2017).
30.
Jenkins-GuarnieriMAWrightSLHudiburghLM (2012) The relationships among attachment style, personality traits, interpersonal competence, and Facebook use. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology32: 294–301.
JonesLMMitchellKJ (2016) Defining and measuring youth digital citizenship. New Media & Society18(9): 2063–2079.
33.
JuncoR (2012) The relationship between frequency of Facebook use, participation in Facebook activities, and student engagement. Computers and Education58: 162–171.
34.
KahnCMLiñares-ZegarraJM (2015) Identity theft and consumer payment choice: Does security really matter?Journal of Financial Services Research50: 1–39.
35.
KarpinskiACKirschnerPAOzerI, et al. (2013) An exploration of social networking site use, multitasking, and academic performance among United States and European university students. Computers in Human Behavior29(3): 1182–1192.
36.
KennedyGJuddTDalgarnotB, et al. (2010) Beyond native and immigrants: Exploring types of net generation students. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning26: 332–343.
37.
KirschnerPAKarpinskiAC (2010) Facebook and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior26(6): 1237–1245.
38.
KisekkaVBagchi-SenSRaoHR (2013) Extent of private information disclosure on online social networks: An exploration of Facebook mobile phone users. Computers in Human Behavior29(6): 2722–2729.
39.
KourouthanassisPLekakosGGerakisV (2015) Should I stay or should I go? The moderating effect of self-image congruity and trust on social networking continues use. Behaviour and Information Technology34(2): 190–203.
40.
LackovicNKerryRLoweR, et al. (2017) Being knowledge, power and profession subordinates: Students’ perceptions of Twitter for learning. Internet and Higher Education33: 41–48.
41.
LanktonNKMcKnightDH (2011) What does it mean to trust Facebook? Examining technology and interpersonal trust beliefs. ACM SIGMIS Database42(2): 32–54.
42.
LeeCSMaL (2012) News sharing in social media: The effect of gratifications and prior experience. Computers in Human Behavior28(2): 331–339.
43.
LimJRichardsonJC (2016) Exploring the effects of students’ social networking experience on social presence and perceptions of using SNSs for educational purposes. Internet and Higher Education29: 31–39.
44.
LinWYZhangXSongH, et al. (2016) Health information seeking in the Web 2.0 age: Trust in social media, uncertainty reduction, and self-disclosure. Computers in Human Behavior56: 289–294.
45.
LysonskiSDurvasulaS (2008) Digital piracy of MP3s: Consumer and ethical predispositions. Journal of Consumer Marketing25: 167–178.
MancaSRanieriM (2016) Yes for sharing, no for teaching! Social media in academic practices. Internet and Higher Education29: 63–74.
48.
MirabolghasemiMIahadNARahimNZA (2016) Students’ perception towards the potential and barriers of social network sites in higher education. In: IssaTIsaiasPKommersP (eds), Social Networking and Education. Berlin: Springer International Publishing, pp. 41–49.
49.
MoorJH (1985) What is computer ethics?Metaphilosophy16(4): 266–275.
50.
MorenoANavarroCTrenchR, et al. (2015) Does social media usage matter? An analysis of online practices and digital media perceptions of communication practitioners in Europe. Public Relations Review41: 242–253.
51.
NorbergPAHorneDRHorneDA (2007) The privacy paradox: Personal information disclosure intentions versus behaviors. Journal of Consumer Affairs41: 100–126.
52.
NordinMSAhmadTBTZubairiAM, et al. (2016) Psychometric properties of a digital citizenship questionnaire. International Education Studies9(3): 71–80.
53.
NovakovichJMiahSShawS (2017) Designing curriculum to shape professional social media skills and identity in virtual communities of practice. Computers and Education104: 65–90.
54.
O’ConnorKWSchmidtGBDrouinM (2016) Suspended because of social media? Students’ knowledge of university social media policies and practices. Computers in Human Behavior65: 619–626.
55.
PaulJABakerHMCochranJD (2012) Effects of online social networking on student academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior28(6): 2117–2127.
56.
PersicoDChiorriCFerrarisM, et al. (2016) Effects of social networking on learning: The opinions of Italian university students. In: IssaTIsaiasPKommersP (eds), Social Networking and Education. Berlin: Springer International Publishing, pp. 145–163.
RauniarRRawskiGYangJ, et al. (2014) Technology acceptance model (TAM) and social media usage: An empirical study on Facebook. Journal of Enterprise Information Management27(1): 6–30.
60.
RibbleM (2015) Digital Citizenship in Schools: Nine Elements All Students Should Know, 3rd ed. Oregon: International Society for Technology in Education.
61.
RibbleMBaileyG (2007) Digital Citizenship in Schools. Oregon: International Society for Technology in Education.
62.
RibbleMBaileyGRossTW (2004) Digital citizenship: Addressing appropriate technology behavior. Learning and Leading with Technology32: 6–11.
63.
RibbleMMillerTN (2013) Educational leadership in an online world: Connecting students to technology responsibly, safely, and ethically. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks17(1): 137–145.
64.
RingleCMWendeSBeckerJ (2015) SmartPLS 3. Bönningstedt: SmartPLS. Available at: http://www.smartpls.com(accessed 27 December 2017).
65.
RohatgiASchererRHatlevikOE (2016) The role of ICT self-efficacy for students’ ICT use and their achievement in a computer and information literacy test. Computers and Education102: 103–116.
66.
SalehanMNegahbanA (2013) Social networking on smartphones: When mobile phones become addictive. Computers in Human Behavior29: 2632–2639.
67.
SpitzbergBH (1983) Communication competence as knowledge, skill, and impression. Communication Education31: 323–329.
TaddeiSContenaB (2013) Privacy, trust and control: Which relationships with online self-disclosure?Computers in Human Behavior29: 821–826.
70.
TaddickenM (2014) The ‘privacy paradox’ in the social web: The impact of privacy concerns, individual characteristics, and the perceived social relevance on different forms of self-disclosure. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication19: 248–273.
71.
ThompsonP (2013) The digital natives as learners: Technology use patterns and approaches to learning. Computers and Education65: 12–33.
72.
UnderwoodCParkerLStoneL (2013) Getting it together: Relational habitus in the emergence of digital literacies. Learning, Media and Technology38(4): 478–494.
73.
Van DeursenAJAMCourtoisCVan DijkJAGM (2014) Internet skills, sources of support, and benefiting from Internet use. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction30(4): 278–290.
74.
Van DeursenAJAMVan DijkJAGM (2011) Internet skills and the digital divide. New Media and Society13: 893–911.
75.
Van LaarEVan DeursenAJAMVan DijkJAGM, et al. (2017) The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills or literacy: A systematic literature review. Computers in human behavior72: 577–588.
76.
VenkatechVMorrisMGDavisGB, et al. (2003) User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly27(3): 425–478.
77.
VordererPKromerNScheiderFM (2016) Permanently online – permanently connected: Explorations into university students’ use of social media and mobile smart devices. Computers in Human Behavior63: 694–703.
78.
WattsLKWagnerJVelasquezB, et al. (2017) Cyberbullying in higher education: A literature review. Computers in Human Behavior69: 268–274.
79.
WestermanDDanielESBowmanND (2016) Learned risks and experiences rewards: Exploring the potential sources of students’ attitudes toward social media and face-to-face communication. Internet and Higher Education31: 52–57.
80.
YuTKLinMLLiaoYK (2017) Understanding factors influencing information communication technology adoption behavior: The moderators of information literacy and digital skills. Computers in Human Behavior71: 196–208.
81.
ZhuZWangJWangX, et al. (2016) Exploring factors of users’ peer-influence behavior in social media on purchase intention: Evidence from QQ. Computers in Human Behavior63: 980–987.
82.
ZylkaJChristophGKroehneU, et al. (2015) Moving beyond cognitive elements of ICT literacy: First evidence on the structure of ICT engagement. Computers in Human Behavior53: 149–160.
