Obesity is a prevalent global health issue and a primary risk factor for various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and myocardial infarction. Although drugs targeting lipid metabolism are being developed, their adverse side effects raise safety concerns. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of puffed Zingiber officinale ethanol extract (PGE) both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments were conducted using PGE to evaluate its enhanced anti-obesity activity. The PGE-treated group showed reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) levels, as confirmed by Oil Red O staining and TG measurements. To assess the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, the mRNA expression levels of key adipogenic genes, Pparγ and Cebpα, were significantly downregulated. Srebp1c, a regulator of lipogenesis, showed a significant decrease at all concentrations of PGE treatment. The expression levels of Acc, Fas, and Scd1 were reduced, while that of Cpt1 was increased. Together, these results indicate that PGE notably inhibits lipogenesis and increases fatty acid oxidation. In vivo experiments were conducted using PGE in C57BL/6J mice. PGE treatment significantly reduced body weight, improved serum lipid profiles, and lowered hepatic TG levels. It also led to a reduction in white adipose tissue and ameliorated insulin resistance. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential of PGE as a functional food ingredient for preventing and managing obesity.
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