High internal validity and longitudinality of research projects are very important to ensure confidence in the results obtained. Experimental designs are highly recommended to ensure internal validity; repeated measures can aid in designing longitudinal studies. This article illustrates the use of repeated measures experimental design in hospitality research. Methodological implications are discussed.
Ambadi, N., Bernieri, F. J.,& Richeson, J.A. (2000). Toward a histology of social behavior. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 201-271). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
2.
Aronson,E.,Ellsworth, P. C.,Carlsmith, J.,& Gonzales, M.H. (1990). Methods of research in social psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
3.
Bateson, J. E. G., & Hui, M. K. (1992). The ecological validity of photographic slides and videotapes in simulating the service setting. Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 271-281.
4.
Bowen, J. T., & Morris, A. J. (1995). Menu design: Can menus sell?International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 7, 4-9.
5.
Brickner, P., Folger, R., Goode, E., & Schul, Y. (1981). Microjustice and macrojustice. In M. J. Lerner & S. C. Lerner (Eds.), The justice motive in social behavior (pp. 173-204). New York: Plenum.
6.
Calder, B. J., Phillips, L. W., & Tybout, A. M. (1982). The concept of external validity. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 240-244.
7.
Campbell, D. T. (1970). Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings. In N. K. Denzin (Ed.), Sociological methods (pp. 243-263). Chicago: Aldine.
8.
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
9.
Cook,T. D.,& Campbell, D.T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
10.
Cortina, J. M., & Nouri, H. (2000). Effect size for ANOVA designs. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
11.
Girden, E. R. (1992). ANOVA: Repeated measures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
12.
Keselman, H. J., & Keselman, J. C. (1993). Analysis of repeated measurements. In L. K.Edwards (Ed.), Applied analysis of variance in behavioral science (pp. 105-146). New York: Marcel Dekker.
13.
Lawler, E. J. (1992). Affective attachment to nested groups: A choice-process theory. American Sociological Review, 57, 327-339.
14.
Littell, R. C., Milliken, G. A., Stroup, W. W., & Wolfinger, R. D. (1996). SAS system for mixed models. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
15.
Littell, R. C., Pendergast, J., & Natarajan, R. (2000). Modelling covariance structure in the analysis of repeated measures data. Statistics in Medicine, 19, 1793-1819.
16.
Lynch, J.G.,Jr. (1982). On the external validity of experiments in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 225-239.
17.
Mattila, A. S. (2001). The impact of relationship type on customer loyalty in a context of service failure. Journal of Service Research, 4, 91-101.
18.
Martin, D. W. (1977). Doing psychology experiments. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
19.
McDougall, G., & Levesque, T. (1998). The effectiveness of recovery strategies after service failure: An experiment in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 5, 27-49.
20.
Montgomery, D. C. (1976). Design and analysis of experiments. New York: John Wiley.
21.
Morley, C. L. (1994). Experimental destination choice analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 21, 780-791.
22.
O’Brien, R. G., & Kaiser, M. K. (1985). MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: An extensive primer. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 316-333.
23.
Reeve, W., Creed, P., & Pierson, B. (1994). Using the restaurant as a laboratory for assessing meal acceptability. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 6, iv-vii.
24.
Scandura, T. A., & Williams, E. A. (2000). Research methodology in management: Current practices, trends, and implications for future research. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 1248-1264.
25.
Senn, S., Stevens, L.,& Chaturvedi, N. (2000). Repeated measures in clinical trials: Simple strategies for analysis using summary measures. Statistics in Medicine, 19, 861-877.
26.
Trochim, M. K. W. (1999). The research methods knowledge base. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Custom Publishing.
