Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

This study refined the existing conceptualization and operationalization of organization–public relationship (OPR) quality and validated the finalized scale using data from two different samples. Specifically, the research proposed distrust as an additional dimension of OPR quality. Statistical tests not only demonstrated that distrust was an OPR quality dimension related to but distinct from trust, but also showed that the new five-dimensional framework was valid and reliable to assess OPR quality in two contexts—university–student relationships and organization–employee relationships.

Keywords

organization–public relationship quality trust distrust assessment validity reliability

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Allen

N. J.

Meyer

J. P.

(1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18.

Anderson

J. C.

Gerbing

D. W.

(1998). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423.

Bargraim

J. J.

(2003). The dimensionality of professional commitment. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(2), 6-9.

Benamati

J. S.

Serva

M. A.

(2007). Trust and distrust in online banking: Their role in developing countries. Information Technology for Development, 13, 161-175.

Bentler

P. M.

(2005). EQS 6.1 for windows (Version 6.1). Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.

Bretz

R. D.

Jr. Judge

T. A.

(1994). Person–Organization fit and the theory of work adjustment: Implications for satisfaction, tenure, and career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 44, 32-54.

Broom

G. M.

Casey

Ritchey

(2000). Concepts and theory of organization-public relationships. In Ledingham

J. A.

Bruning

S. D.

(Eds.), Public relations as relationship management: A relational approach to the study and practice of public relations (pp. 3-22). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Cho

(2006). The mechanism of trust and distrust formation and their relational outcomes. Journal of Retailing, 82, 25-35.

Cho

(2007). The effects of trust/distrust on information privacy concerns (IPC) and the moderating roles of individual propensities. International Journal of Business Research, 7, 107-115.

10.

Dunbar

N. E.

(2004). Dyadic power theory: Constructing a communication-based theory of relational power. Journal of Family Communication, 4, 235-248.

11.

Ferguson

M. A.

(1984, August). Building theory in public relations: Interorganizational relationships. Paper presented to the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Gainesville, FL.

12.

Gelso

C. J.

Carter

J. A.

(1985). The relationship in counseling and psychotherapy: Components, consequences, and theoretical antecedents. The Counseling Psychologist, 13(2), 155-243.

13.

Grunig

J. E.

Huang

Y. H.

(2000). From organizational effectiveness to relationship indicators: Antecedents of relationships, public relations strategies, and relationship outcomes. In Ledingham

J. A.

Bruning

S. D.

(Eds.), Public relations as relationship management: A relational approach to the study and practice of public relations (pp. 23-53). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

14.

Grunig

J. E.

Hung

C. J. F.

(2002, March). The effect of relationships on reputation and reputation on relationships: A cognitive, behavioral study. Paper presented to the Public Relations Society of America Educator’s Academy, Miami, FL.

15.

Grunig

L. A.

Grunig

J. E.

Dozier

D. M.

(2002). Excellent public relations and effective organizations: A study of communication management in three countries. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

16.

Hancock

G. R.

Mueller

R. O.

(2001). Rethinking construct reliability within latent variable systems. In Cudeck

du Toit

S. H. C.

Sorbom

(Eds.), Structural equation modeling: Past and present. A Festschrift in honor of Karl G. Joreskog (pp. 195-216). Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.

17.

Heath

R. L.

(2013). The journey to understand and champion OPR takes many roads, some not yet well traveled. Public Relations Review, 39, 426-431.

18.

Hon

L. C.

Grunig

J. E.

(1999). Guidelines for measuring relationships in public relations. Retrieved from http://www.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/Guidelines_Measuring_Relationships.pdf

19.

Bentler

P. M.

(1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.

20.

Huang

Y. H.

(2001). OPRA: A cross-cultural, multiple-item scale for measuring organization-public relationships. Journal of Public Relations Research, 13, 61-90.

21.

Huang

Y. H.

Zhang

(2013). Revisiting organization-public relations research over the past decade: Theoretical concepts, measures, methodologies and challenges. Public Relations Review, 39, 85-87.

22.

E. J.

Hon

L. C.

(2007). Testing the linkages among the organization–public relationship and attitude and behavioral intentions. Journal of Public Relations Research, 19, 1-23.

23.

E. J.

Shin

J.-H.

(2006). Status of organization-public relationship research from an analysis of published articles, 1985-2004. Public Relations Review, 32, 194-195.

24.

Kim

H.-S.

(2007). A multilevel study of antecedents and a mediator of employee—Organization relationships. Journal of Public Relations Research, 19, 167-197.

25.

Lai

S. T.

Mollering

(2007, August). Wary managers/investors: Vulnerability, control, trust, and distrust in foreign enterprises in China. Paper presented to the annual convention of the Academy of Management, Philadelphia, PA.

26.

Ledingham

J. A.

(2003). Explicating relationship management as a general theory of public relations. Journal of Public Relations, 15, 181-198.

27.

Ledingham

J. A.

(2009). A chronology of organization-stakeholder relationships with recommendations concerning practitioner adoption of the relational perspective. Journal of Promotion Management, 14, 243-262.

28.

Lewicki

R. J.

McAllister

D. J.

Bies

R. J.

(1998). Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. Academy of Management Review, 23, 438-458.

29.

Lichtenberg

J. W.

Wettersten

K. B.

(1996, August). Relational control: Historical perspective and current empirical status. Paper presented to the annual conference of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

30.

Mayer

R. C.

Davis

J. H.

Schoorman

F. D.

(1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20, 709-734.

31.

Meyer

J. P.

Allen

N. J.

(1984). Testing the “side-bet theory” of organizational commitment: Some methodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 372-738.

32.

Meyer

J. P.

Allen

N. J.

(1991). A three-dimensional conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-89.

33.

Meyer

J. P.

Allen

N. J.

(1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

34.

Meyer

J. P.

Allen

N. J.

Smith

(1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 538-551.

35.

Meyer

J. P.

Becker

Van Dick

(2006). Social identities and commitments at work: Toward an integrative model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 665-683.

36.

Meyer

J. P.

Stanley

D. J.

Herscovitch

Topolnytsky

(2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.

37.

Moon

B. B.

Rhee

(2013). Exploring negative dimensions of organization-public relationships (NOPR) in public relations. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 90, 691-714.

38.

Moorman

Deshpande

Zaltman

(1993, January). Factors affecting trust in market research relationships. Journal of Marketing, 57, 81-101.

39.

Morgan

R. M.

Hunt

S. D.

(1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38.

40.

Rawlins

(2008). Trust and public relations practice. Retrieved from http://www.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/Rawlins-Trust-formatted-for-IPR-12-10.pdf

41.

Rousseau

D. M.

Sitkin

S. B.

Burt

R. S.

Camerer

(1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of Management Review, 23, 393-404.

42.

Schoorman

F. D.

Mayer

R. C.

Davis

J. H.

(2007). An integrative model of organizational trust: Past, present, and future. Academy of Management Review, 32, 344-354.

43.

Shen

Kim

J.-N.

(2012). The authentic enterprise: Another buzz word, or a true driver of quality relationships? Journal of Public Relations Research, 24, 371-389.

44.

Stafford

(2003). Maintaining romantic relationships: A summary and analysis of one research program. In Canary

D. J.

Dainton

(Eds.), Maintaining relationships through communication: Relational, contextual, and cultural variations (pp. 51-77). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

45.

Stafford

Canary

D. J.

(1991). Maintenance strategies and romantic relationship type, gender, and relational characteristics. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 217-242.

46.

2015 Edelman trust barometer. (2015). Edelman. Retrieved from http://www.edelman.com/insights/intellectual-property/2015-edelman-trust-barometer/

47.

Yang

(2007). An integrated model for organization—Public relational outcomes, organizational reputation, and their antecedents. Journal of Public Relations Research, 19, 91-121.

Refining Organization–Public Relationship Quality Measurement in Student and Employee Samples

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References