Drawing upon the premise that there is a parsimony to nature, the author proposes that heme moieties and bile pigments in animals mediate some non-visual influences of light upon neuroactive gases and biological rhythms. Primary abnormalities in synthesis and regulation of blood and bile may, therefore, cause some neuropsychiatric illnesses. Light may play a critical role in neurotransmission. NEUROSCIENTIST 2:207-210, 1996
Lewy AJ, Wehr TA, Goodwin FK, New-some DA, Markey SPLight suppresses melatonin secretion in humans. Science1980;210:1267-1269.
2.
Rosenthal NE , Sack DA, Gillin JC, et al. Seasonal affective disorder: a description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy . Arch Gen Psychiatry1984; 41:72-80.
3.
Terman M., Schlager D., Fairhurst S., Perlman B.Dawn and dusk simulation as a therapeutic intervention. Biol Psychiatry1989;25:966-970.
Guest MM, Bond TP, Cooper RG, Derrick JRRed blood cells: change in shape in capillaries. Science1963;142:1319-1321.
7.
Gibson QH, Amsworth S.Photosensitivity of hæm compounds. Nature1957;180: 1416-1417.
8.
Haldane J., Smith JLThe oxygen tension of arterial blood. J Physiol (Lond) 1896;20: 497-520.
9.
Snyder SHNitnc oxide: first in a new class of neurotransmitters? Science1992;257:494-496.
10.
Ventunni CM , Palmer RM, Moncada S.Vascular smooth muscle contains a depletable store of a vasodilator which is light-activated and restored by donors of nitric oxide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther1993; 266:1497-1500.
11.
Kutty RK, Kutty G., Wiggert B., Chader GJ, Darrow RM, Organisciak DTInduction of heme oxygenase 1 in the retina by intense visible light: suppression by the antioxidant dimethylthiourea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1995;92:1177-1181.
12.
Jia L., Bonaventura C., Bonaventura J., Stamler JSS-nitrosohaemoglobin: a dynamic activity of blood involved in vascular control . Nature1996;380:221-226.
13.
Parver LM, Auker CR, Carpenter DOChoroidal blood flow, III: Reflexive control in human eyes. Arch Ophthalmol1983;101:1604-1606.
14.
Furchgott RF , Jothianandan D.Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation involving cyclic GMP: relaxation induced by nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and light. Blood Vessels1991;28:52-61.
15.
Hurshman AR , Marletta MANitric oxide complexes of inducible nitric oxide synthase : spectral characterization and effect on catalytic activity . Biochemistry1995; 34:5627-5634.
16.
Buga GM, Gnscavage JM, Rogers NE, Ignarro LJNegative feedback regulation of endothelial cell function by nitnc oxide. Circ Res1993;73:808-812.
17.
Turner CP, Panter SS, Sharp FRHemoglobm-mduced expression of heme-oxygenase-1 in rat brain. Soc Neurosci Abstr1995;21(Pt 1):496.
18.
Dmg JM, Chen D., Weber ET, Faiman LE, Rea MA, Gillette MUResetting the biological clock: mediation of nocturnal circadian shifts by glutamate and NO. Science1994;266:1713-1717.
19.
Wetterberg L., Geller E., Yuwiler A.Harderian gland: an extraretinal photoreceptor influencing the pineal gland in neonatal rats. Science1970;167:884-885
20.
Quail PH, Boylan MT, Parks BM, Short TW, Xu Y., Wagner D.Phytochromes. photosensory perception and signal transduction. Science1995;268:675-680.
21.
Agati G., McDonagh AFChiroptical switch based on photoisomenzation of bilirubin-IIIα bound to human serum albumin. J Am Chem Soc1995 ;117:4425-4426.
22.
Vuillaume M. , Bergerard J.Growth and determinism of pupal diapause m a lepidopter Pieris brassicœ (L) a possible role for pigmentary photoreception independent of the daylight rhythm. Chronobiologia1978;5:286-291.
23.
Bois-Choussy M., Barbier M.The action spectrum and phototransformations of pterobilin (biliverdin IXγ. Arch Biochem Biophys1983;221:590-592.
24.
McDonagh AFSunlight-induced mutation of bilirubin in a long-distance runner. N Engl J Med1986;314:121-122.
25.
Bernhard K. , Ritzel G., Stemer KUÜber eme biologische bedeutung der gallenfarbstoffe. Bilirubin und biliverdin als antioxydantien für das vitamin A und die essentiellen fettsäuren. Helv Chim Acta1954;37:306-313.
26.
Hardeland R. , Balzer I., Poeggeler B., et al. On the primary functions of melatonin in evolution—mediation of photopenodic signals in a unicell, photooxidation, and scavenging of free radicals. J Pineal Res1995;18:104-111.
27.
Kanabrocki EL, Sothern RB, Schevmg LE et al. Ten-year-rephcated circadian profiles for 36 physiological, serological and unnary variables in healthy men. Chronobiol Int1988;5:237-284.
Wehr TA, Moul DE, Barbato G., et al. Conservation of photopenod-responsive mechanisms in humans. Am J Physiol1993;265:R846-R857.
30.
Rieder N., Neumeister A., Podreka I., Kasper S.Assessment of changes in regional cerebral blood flow in patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) using single photon emission tomography . Eur Neuropsychopharmacol1995;5:265-266.
31.
Sachs G., Vasile RG, Anderson JL, Lafer B., Matthews E., Hill TCChanges in rCBF after light therapy for SAD: responders vs non-responders . Soc Light Treatment Biol Rhythms Abstr1995 ;7:27.
32.
Lam RW, Zis AP, Grewal A., Delgado PL, Charney DS, Krystal JHEffects of rapid tryptophan depletion in patients with seasonal affective disorder in remission after light therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry1996; 53:41-44.
33.
Fozard JR, Kalkman HO5-hydroxytryptamme (5-HT) and the initiation of migraine: new perspectives . Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol1994 ;350:225-229.
34.
Engel RR, Rodkey FL, O'Neal JD, Collison HARelative affinity of human fetal hemoglobin for carbon monoxide and oxygen . Blood1969;33:37-45.
35.
Brown SB, Docherty JCHaem degradation in abnormal haemoglobins. Biochem J1978;173:985-987.
36.
Tarusov BI, Polivoda AI, Zhuravlev AI[Detection of chemiluminescence in livers of irradiated mice]. Radiobiologiia1961; 1:150-151.
37.
Isojima Y., Isoshima T., Nagai K., Kikuchi K., Nakagawa H.Circadian change in the mtensity of ultraweak biochemiluminescence from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus slice. Soc Neurosci Abstr1995;21(Pt 3):1678.
38.
Shen X., Mei W., Xu X., Popp FAPossible role of the light emission from stimulated neutrophils in their communication with other cells. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed1995;11:82.
