This article offers suggestions for achieving the internationalization of university mathematics-related curricular offerings. It presents learning objectives and related student outcomes, raises general issues related to internationalization, and then discusses how to incorporate the objectives and address these issues within the university mathematics curriculum. Specific recommendations include developing a new course, Cultural Aspects of Mathematics, to be team taught by the Departments of Mathematics and Sociology/Anthropology; creating a new Mathematical Modeling course within the mathematics major that includes solving problems from an international perspective; revising the existing Math History course to include more non-Western content; devoting approximately one quarter of the Mathematics Capstone Course to an examination of international and cultural issues; and working to increase the number of mathematics majors who take advantage of study abroad opportunities.
Appelbaum, P. ( 1995). Popular culture, educational discourse, and mathematics . Albany: State University of New York Press.
2.
Arcadia University. (2007). General Education Requirements. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www .arcadia.edu/academic/default.aspx?id=13100
3.
Ascher, M. ( 2003). Mathematics elsewhere: An exploration of ideas across cultures. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
4.
Ascher, M., & Ascher, R. ( 1986). Ethnomathematics. History of Science , 24, 125-144.
5.
Atweh, B., & Clarkson, P. ( 2001). Internationalization and globalization of mathematics education: Toward an agenda for research/action. In B. Atweh, H. Forgasz, & B. Nebres (Eds.), Sociocultural research in mathematics education (pp. 77-94). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
6.
Atweh, B., & Clarkson, P. ( 2002a). Globalization and mathematics education: From above and below. Proceedings of Conference Australian Association, Research in Education, Brisbane, Australia.
7.
Atweh, B., & Clarkson, P. ( 2002b). Globalized curriculum or global approach to curriculum reform in mathematics education. Asia Pacific Education Review , 3, 160-167.
8.
Bishop, A. ( 1991). Mathematical enculturation: A cultural perspective on mathematics education. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
9.
Bond, S.L., & Lemasson, J.P. (2000). A new world knowledge: Canadian universities and globalization. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre.
10.
Cai, J. ( 1995). A cognitive analysis of U.S. and Chinese students’ mathematical performance on tasks involving computation, simple problem solving, and complex problem solving (Journal for Research in Mathematics Education Monograph Vol. 7). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
11.
Cai, J., & Cifarelli, V. ( 2004). Thinking mathematically by Chinese learners: An international comparative perspective. In L. Fan, N.-Y. Wong, & S. Li (Eds.), How Chinese learn mathematics: Perspectives from insiders (pp. 71-106). Singapore: World Scientific Publishers.
12.
Chai, J. ( 2005). AP Calculus in China. Studies in College Mathematics (in Chinese).
13.
Chai, J. ( 2007). Testing Chinese Students with AP Calculus. Forum of College Mathematics (in Chinese).
14.
Clarke, D., Keitel, C., & Shimizu, Y. ( 2006). Mathematics classrooms in twelve countries: The insiders’ perspective. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense.
15.
D’Ambrosio, U. ( 1989). On ethnomathematics. Philosophica Mathematica , s2-4, 3-14.
16.
Eglash, R. ( 2008). Ron Eglash Homepage. Retrieved May 15, 2008, from http://www.rpi.edu/~eglash/eglash.htm
17.
Erasmus Statistics. (2006). Erasmus student and teacher mobility. Retrieved November 13, 2007, from http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/llp/erasmus/stat_en.html
18.
Fasheh, M. ( 1990). Community education: To reclaim and transform what has been made invisible. Harvard Education Review, 60(1), 19-35.
19.
Friedler, L.M. ( 1999). Notes on teaching mathematics in Ghana. PRIMUS, 10, 6-11.
20.
Friedler, L.M. ( 2004). Calculus in the US: 1940-2004. Studies in College Mathematics, 8, 6-11 (in Chinese).
21.
Friedler, S. ( 2007). DN 002: Worlds of Dance, Swarthmore College Catalog . Swarthmore, PA: Swarthmore College .
22.
Friedman, T. ( 2005). The world is flat: A brief history of the 21st century . New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.
23.
Grabiner, J.V. ( 1993). Review of the book Ethnomathematics: A multicultural view of mathematical ideas. American Mathematical Monthly , 100, 304-308.
24.
Green, M., & Shoenberg, R. ( 2006). Where faculty live: Internationalizing the disciplines . Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
25.
Grossman, J.W. ( 2002). Patterns of Collaboration in Mathematical Research . SIAM News, 39, 1-3. Retrieved November 13, 2007, from http://www.siam.org/pdf/news/485.pdf
26.
Gutstein, E., & Petersen, B. ( 2005). Rethinking mathematics: Teaching social justice by the numbers. Milwaukee, WI: Rethinking Schools.
27.
Jablonka, E. ( 2003). Mathematical literacy. In A. Bishop, M. Clements, C. Keitel, J. Kilpatrick , & F. Leung (Eds.), Second international handbook of mathematics education (pp. 75-102). Dordrecht , Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
28.
Judson, T., & Nishimori, T. ( 2005). Concepts and skills in high school calculus: An examination of a special case in Japan and the US. Journal of Research in Mathematics Education, 36, 24-43.
29.
Judson, T. ( 2001, November). High School Calculus in the US and Japan . NCTM Mathematics Dialogs. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www.nctm.org/resources/content.aspx?id=1580
30.
Keitel, C., Kotzmann, E., & Skovsmose, O. ( 1993). Beyond the tunnel-vision: Analyzing the relationship between mathematics education, technology and society. In C. Keitel & K. Ruthven (Eds.), Learning from the computer-mathematics education and technology (pp. 243-279). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
31.
Knight, J. ( 2003). Updating the definition of internationalization . International Higher Education Newsletter Fall 2003 , Boston College Center for International Higher Education . Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/newsletter/News33
32.
Lipton, E. ( 2006, January 3). New rules set for giving out anti-terror aid . New York Times, p. A1.
33.
Ma, L. ( 1999). Knowing and teaching elementary mathematics. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
34.
Martzloff, J.-C. ( 1997). A history of Chinese mathematics (S. S. Wilson, Trans.) . Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag . (Original work published 1987)
35.
Meier, J., & Thorne, T. ( 1999). Review of the book: The social life of numbers and philosophy of arithmetic by G. Urton. American Math Monthly , 106, 275-279.
36.
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. ( 2006). Report: Curriculum Focal Points. Reston, VA: Author.
37.
Newman, M.E., Watts, D.J., & Strogatz, S.H. (2002). Random graph models of social networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 99, 2566-2572.
38.
Nunes, T. ( 1992). Ethnomathematics and everyday cognition. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 557-574). New York: Macmillan.
39.
Open Doors Report. (2006). IIE Network Online. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://opendoors.iienetwork.org/
40.
Pinxten, R., Van Doren, I., & Soberton, E. ( 1987). Toward a Navajo geometry. Ghent, Belgium: KKI.
41.
Poirier, L. ( 2004). Teaching mathematics to Inuit children in Nunavik: Taking into account the environment and the culture. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Toronto, Canada. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p117527_index.html
42.
Powell, A.B., & Frankenstein, M. (1997). Ethnomathematics: Challenging Eurocentrism in mathematics education. Albany: State University of New York Press.
43.
Riley, S. ( 2006, October 25). Program uses culture to help math add up . Investors Business Daily. Retrieved November 13, 2007, from http://www.investors.com
44.
Robitaille, D.F., & Travers, K.J. ( 1992). International Studies of Achievement in Mathematics . In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 65-97). New York: Macmillan.
45.
Schemo, D.J. ( 2000, December 6). Worldwide Survey finds US students are not keeping up. New York Times. Retrieved November 13, 2007, from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0DE7D7123CF935A35751C1A9669C8B63
46.
Siaya, L., & Hayward, F. ( 2003). Mapping internationalization on U.S. campuses: Final report. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
47.
Skovsmose, O. ( 2005). Travelling through education: Uncertainty, mathematics, responsibility. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense.
48.
Sorette, D. ( 2002). Predictability of catastrophic events: Material rupture, earthquakes, turbulence, financial crashes, and human birth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(Suppl. 1), 2522-2529.
49.
Walkerdine, V. ( 1987). The mastery of reason: Cognitive development and the production of meaning. New York: Routledge.
50.
Wilford, J.N. ( 2007, February 27). In medieval architecture, signs of advanced mathematics. New York Times. Retrieved November 13, 2007, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/27/science/27math.html?ref=science
51.
Wong, N.Y., Han, J., & Lee, P.Y. ( 2004). The mathematics curriculum: Toward globalization or westernization? In L. Fan, N. Y. Wong, J. Cai , & S. Li (Eds.), How Chinese learn mathematics: Perspectives from insiders (pp. 27-70). Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Publication.
