At the request of the Editors and the Publisher, the following article:
Ahmed HH, Salem AM, Atta HM, Ghazy MA and Aglan HA. Do adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate Parkinson’s disease in rat model? Human and Experimental Toxicology 2014; 33 (12): 1217-1231 (doi: 10.1177/0960327114524238) http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0960327114524238
has been retracted from Human and Experimental Toxicology due to plagiarism of tables and figures. The tables and figures of the Human and Experimental Toxicology article were published without the correct reference and permission. The table and figures were originally published in an earlier paper authored by one of the same authors, that paper being:
Ahmed HH, Shousha WG, El-Sayed Mahdy, Rashed LA, Abdo SM. Influence of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells in combination with injectable bone substitute on osteoclastogenesis in osteoporotic rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2013; 3(8):46-56
DiamondSGMarkhamCHHoehnMM. An examination of male–female differences in progression and mortality of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology1990; 40: 763–766.
4.
BeckerJB. Gender differences in dopaminergic function in striatum and nucleus accumbens. Pharmacol Biochem Behav1999; 64: 803–812.
5.
PriyadarshiAKhuderSASchaubEA. Environmental risk factors and Parkinson’s disease: a metaanalysis. Environ Res2001; 86: 122–127.
6.
HerishanuYOMedvedovskiMGoldsmithJR. A case-control study of Parkinson’s disease in an urban population of southern Israel. Can J Neurol Sci2001; 28: 144–147.
7.
HisataJ. Final supplemental environmental impact statement. Lake and stream rehabilitation: rotenone use and health risks. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2002.
8.
TalpadeDJGreeneJGHigginsDSJr. In vivo labeling of mitochondrial complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) in rat brain using [(3)H]dihydrorotenone. J Neurochem2000; 75: 2611–2621.
GaoHHongJZhangW. Distinct role for microglia in rotenone-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci2002; 22(3): 782–790.
12.
Abdel-SalamOM. Drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease, present status and future directions. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets2008; 7: 321–342.
13.
RileyCHutter PaierBWindischM. A peptide preparation protects cells in organotypic brain slices against cell death after glutamate intoxication. J Neural Transm2006; 113: 103–110.
14.
LukhaninaEPKaraban'INBurenokIuA. Effect of cerebrolysin on the electroencephalographic indices of brain activity in Parkinson's disease. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova2004; 104: 54–60.
GiordanoAGalderisiUMarinoIR. From the laboratory bench to the patient’s bedside: an update on clinical trials with mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol2007; 211: 27–35.
17.
LeeOKKuoTKChenWM. Isolation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood. Blood2004; 103: 1669–1675.
18.
AnkrumJKarpJM. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: two steps forward, one step back. Trend Mol Med2010; 16(5): 203–209.
19.
SowaYImuraTNumajiriT. Adipose-derived stem cells produce factors enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration: influence of age and anatomic site of origin. Stem Cell Dev2012; 21: 1852–1862.
20.
TahaMFHedayatiV. Isolation, identification and multipotential differentiation of mouse adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Tissue Cell2010; 42: 211–216.
RomboutsWJPloemacherRE. Primary murine MSC show highly efficient homing to the bone marrow but lose homing ability following culture. Leukemia2003; 17: 160–170.
25.
PeisterAMelladJALarsonBL. Adult stem cells from bone marrow (MSCs) isolated from different strains of inbred mice vary in surface epitopes, rates of proliferation and differentiation potential. Blood2004; 103: 1662–1668.
26.
PhinneyDGKopenGIsaacsonRL. Plastic adherent stromal cells from the bone marrow of commonly used strains of inbred mice: variations in yield, growth and differentiation. J Cell Biochem1999; 72: 570–585.
27.
SchäferSCalasAVergoutsM. Immunomodulatory influence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on neuroinflammation in astrocyte cultures. J Neuroimmunol2012; 249: 40–48.
28.
WangHSHungSCPengST. Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton’s jelly of the human umbilical cord. Stem Cells2004; 22: 1330–1337.
29.
QinHZhaoLSunJ. The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into inner ear hair cell-like cells in vitro. Acta Oto-Laryngol2011; 131: 1136–1141.
30.
Muñoz-FernándezRBlancoFJFrechaC. Follicular dendritic cells are related to bone marrow stromal cell progenitors and to myofibroblasts. J Immunol2006; 177: 280–289.
31.
LauHYBhatiaM. Effect of CP-96,345 on the expression of adhesion molecules in acute pancreatitis in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointes Liver Physiol2007; 292: 1283–1292.
32.
A.O.A.C. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Washington DC: Association of Official Analysis, 1995.
33.
Antkiewicz-MichalukLKarolewiczBRomańskaI. 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline protects against rotenone-induced mortality and biochemical changes in rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol2003; 466: 263–269.
34.
LindnerMDWinnSRBaetgeEE. Implantation of encapsulated catecholamine and GDNF-producing cells in rats with unilateral dopamine depletions and Parkinsonian symptoms. Exp Neurol1996; 132: 62–76.
35.
BarnesJMPagetGE. Mechanisms of toxic action. Prog Med Chem1965; 4: 18–38.
36.
AlvarezALaredoMVarelaM. P2-402: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of three different dosage of cerebrolysin in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Dement2006; 2: S364.
37.
ZhaoDCLeiJXChenR. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against experimental liver fibrosis in rats. World J Gastroentrol2005; 14: 3431–3440.
38.
SchermerS. The blood morphology of laboratory animals. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davi, 1967, p 42.
39.
SambrookLFritschEFManitatisT. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1989.
40.
AnJBeaucheminNAlbaneseJ. Use of a rat cDNA probe specific for the Y chromosome to detect male-derived cells. J Androl1997; 18: 289–293.
41.
KropfJSchurekJOWollnerA. Methodological aspects of the immunological measurement of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in blood. Assay development and comparison. Clin Chem1997; 43: 1965–1974.
42.
BaggioliniMDewaldBMoserB. Human chemokines: an update. Ann Rev Immunol1997; 15: 675–705.
43.
LaskeCStranskyEEschweilerGW. Increased BDNF serum concentration in fibromyalgia with or without depression or antidepressants. J Psych Res2007; 41: 600–605.
44.
CiarloneEA. Determination of catecholamines spectrophotofluro-metrically. Am J Physiol1978; 125: 731–737.
45.
AliFKhEl-ShafaiSASamhanFA. Effect of water pollution on expression of immune response genes of Solea aegyptiaca in Lake Qarun. Afr J Biotechnol2008; 7: 1418–1425.
46.
BouchezGSensebéLVourc’hP. Partial recovery of dopaminergic pathway after graft of adult mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurochem Int2008; 52: 1332–1342.
47.
GaytanFBarreiroMLCaminosJE. Expression of ghrelin and its functional receptor, the type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor, in normal human testis and testicular tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol2004; 89: 400–409.
48.
ArmitagePBerryG.Comparison of several groups. In: Statistical method in medical research2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Blockwell Significant Publication, 1987, pp. 186–213.
49.
Glavaski-JoksimovicABohnMC. Mesenchymal stem cells and neuroregeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Exp Neurol2013; 247: 25–38.
50.
RochefortGYVaudinPBonnetN. Influence of hypoxia on the domiciliation of mesenchymal stem cells after infusion into rats: possibilities of targeting pulmonary artery remodeling via cells therapies?Respir Res2005; 6: 125.
LiDFYangCLiZ. Immunophenotypic comparison of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from the greater omentums and subcutaneous adipose tissues of rats. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao2010; 30(10): 2256–2258, 2262.
53.
RenZWZhaoZWangY. Study on differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived stromal cells into Schwann-like cells. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi2011; 27(4): 385–388.
54.
YingCHuWChengB. Neural differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol2012; 32(8): 1255–1263.
55.
SachsPCFrancisMPZhaoM. Defining essential stem cell characteristics in adipose-derived stromal cells extracted from distinct anatomical sites. Cell Tiss Res2012; 349(2): 505–515.
56.
JiJFHeBPDheenST. Interactions of chemokines and chemokine receptors mediate the migration of mesenchymal stem cells to the impaired site in the brain after hypoglossal nerve injury. Stem Cells2004; 22: 415–427.
57.
SteingenCBrenigFBaumgartnerL. Characterization of key mechanisms in transmigration and invasion of mesenchymal stem cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol2008; 44: 1072–1084.
58.
RobertsABSpornMB. Physiological actions and clinical applications of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Growth Factors1993; 8: 1–9.
59.
UnsickerKStrelauJ. Functions of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms in the nervous system. Cues based on localization and experimental in vitro and in vivo evidence. Eur J Biochem2000; 267: 6972–6975.
60.
RotaEBelloneGRoccaP. Increased intrathecal TGF-beta1, but not IL-12, IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Neurol Sci2006; 27: 33–39.
61.
CunninghamCBocheDPerryVH. Transforming growth factor beta1, the dominant cytokine in murine prion disease: influence on inflammatory cytokine synthesis and alteration of vascular extracellular matrix. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol2002; 2: 107–119.
62.
BanksWAFarrSAMorleyJE. Entry of blood-bone cytokines into the central nervous system: effects on cognitive processes. Neuroimmunomodulation2002; 3: 319–327.
63.
BanisadrGGosselinRDMechighelP. Highly regionalized neuronal expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in rat brain: evidence for its colocalization with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. J Compar Neurol2005; 489: 275–292.
KalkondeYVMorganWWSigalaJ. Chemokines in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease: absence of CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 does not protect against striatal neurodegeneration. Brain Res2007; 1128: 1–11.
66.
ProckopDJOhJY. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs): role as guardians of inflammation. Mol Ther2012; 20: 14–20.
67.
KimYJParkHJLeeG. Neuroprotective effects of human mesenchymal stem cells on dopaminergic neurons through anti-inflammatory action. Glia2009; 57: 13–23.
68.
KimHJLeeJHKimSH. Therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cells on traumatic brain injury in rats: secretion of neurotrophic factors and inhibition of apoptosis. J Neurotrauma2010; 27: 131–138.
69.
BeckerKJ. Modulation of the postischemic immune response to improve stroke outcome. Stroke2010; 41: S75–S78.
70.
WahlSMHuntDAWakefieldLM. Transforming growth factor type beta induces monocyte chemotaxis and growth factor production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1987; 84: 5788–5792.
71.
LiMOWanYYSanjabiS. Transforming growth factor-beta regulation of immune responses. Ann Rev Immunol2006; 24: 99–146.
72.
DohguSYamauchiATakataF. Transforming growth factor-beta1 upregulates the tight junction and P-glycoprotein of brain microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol2004; 24: 491–497.
73.
YooSChangDLeeH. Immune following suppression mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the ischemic brain is mediated by TGF-β. Neurobiol Dis2013; 58: 249–257.
FeinbergMWShimizuKLebedevaM. Essential role for Smad3 in regulating MCP-1 expression and vascular inflammation. Circ Res2004; 94: 601–608.
76.
GulcinI. Comparison of in vitro antioxidant and antiradical activities of l-tyrosine and l-dopa. Amino Acids2007; 32: 431–438.
77.
KimSUParkYHMinJS. Peroxiredoxin I is a ROS/p38 MAPK-dependent inducible antioxidant that regulates NF-κB-mediated iNOS induction and microglial activation. J Neuroimmunol2013; 259(1–2): 26–36.
78.
AlvarezXALombardiVRFernández-NovoaL. Cerebrolysin reduces microglial activation in vivo and in vitro: a potential mechanism of neuroprotection. J Neural Transm2000; 59: 281–292.
79.
MurerMGYanQRaisman-VozariR. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the control human brain, and in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol2001; 63: 71–124.
80.
TsukaharaTTakedaMShimohamaS. Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism in monkeys. Neurosurgery1995; 37: 733–739.
81.
MeredithGECallenSScheuerDA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression is increased in the rat amygdala, piriform cortex and hypothalamus following repeated amphetamine administration. Brain Res2002; 949: 218–227.
O’ByrneMBBolamJPHanleyJJ. Tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive cells in the rat striatum following treatment with MPP. Adv Exp Med Biol2000; 483: 369–374.
LattanziWGelosoMCSaulnierN. Neurotrophic features of human adipose tissue derived stromal cells: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Biomed Biotechnol2011; 2011: 468705.
87.
ChadiGMollerARosenL. Protective actions of human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor on MPTP-lesioned nigrostriatal dopamine neurons after intraventricular infusion. Exp Brain Res1993; 97: 145–158.
88.
JinGZChoSJChoiEG. Rat mesenchymal stem cells increase tyrosine hydroxylase expression and dopamine content in ventral mesencephalic cells in vitro. Cell Biol Int2008; 32: 1433–1438.
89.
Bahat-StroomzaMBarhumYLevyYS. Induction of adult human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells into functional astrocyte-like cells: potential for restorative treatment in Parkinson's disease. J Mol Neurosci2009; 39: 199–210.
90.
ZhangXAndrenPESvenningssonP. Repeated l-DOPA treatment increases c-fos and BDNF mRNAs in the subthalamic nucleus in the 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res2006; 1095(1): 207–210.
91.
XieLHuLFTeoXQ. Therapeutic effect of hydrogen sulfide-releasing l-dopa derivative ACS84 on 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson’s disease rat model. PLoS One2013; 8(4): e60200.
92.
FlemingSMDelvilleYSchallertT. An intermittent, controlled-rate, slow progressive degeneration model of Parkinson’s disease: antiparkinson effects of sinemet and protective effects of methylphenidate. Behav Brain Res2005; 156: 201–213.
93.
SelianinaNVKarakulovaIUV. The effect of neurotrophic treatment on the activation of reparative processes in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S. S. Korsakova. 2012; 112(5): 46–49.
94.
GeorgyGSNassarNNMansourHA. Cerebrolysin ameloriates cognitive deficits in type III diabetic rats. PLoS One2013; 8(6): e64847.
95.
HartbauerMHutter-PaierBSkofitschG. Antiapoptotic effects of the peptidergic drug cerebrolysin on primary cultures of embryonic chick cortical neurons. J Neural Trans2001; 108(4): 459–473.
96.
FukuchiMFujiiHTakachiH. Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene transcription induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its selective inhibition through Ca(2+) signals evoked via the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Brain Res2010; 1366: 18–26.
