This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the sound absorption behavior of natural fiber-reinforced polylactic acid composites, highlighting their potential as sustainable acoustic materials. The study begins by emphasizing the importance of sound absorption in various applications and explores the role of natural fibers as effective sound-absorbing materials. An overview of natural fibers is presented, covering their extraction methods, advantages and disadvantages, and surface treatments aimed at enhancing their acoustic performance. The discussion then shifts to the role of PLA as the polymer matrix in sound-absorbing composites. The review further examines the acoustical properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites and the key factors influencing their sound absorption performance. These factors include fiber type, geometrical characteristics, orientation and distribution, porosity, thickness, density, volume fraction, surface treatments, nanoparticle coatings, and composite structural configurations. Additionally, the practical applications of these composites in various industries are discussed, demonstrating their versatility in sustainable acoustic engineering. The review concludes by exploring future directions in this field, including the development of hybrid functionally graded material-micro-perforated panel (FGM-MPP) structures for enhanced acoustic performance. The integration of nanotechnology, such as nano-coatings of ZnO, ZrO2, SiO2, CNT, and TiO2, is highlighted as a promising approach to improving fiber-matrix adhesion, moisture resistance, and overall composite durability. Furthermore, advancements in hybrid fiber systems, novel geometries, and computational modeling using finite element method simulations are identified as key areas for optimizing material design and performance. These innovations, combined with 3D printing technology, hold significant potential for developing high-performance, eco-friendly sound-absorbing materials for automotive, aerospace, and construction applications.
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