The Origins of Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Gibbon J.H. The maintenance of life during experimental occlusion of the pulmonary artery followed by survival. Surg Gynec Obstet 1939; 69: 602–614.

Le Gallois J.J.C. Experiments on the principle of life, and particularly on the principle of the motions of the heart, and on the seat of this principle: including the report made to the first class of the Institute, upon the experiments relative to the motions of the heart. (Translated by Nancrede NC and Nancrede NC). Philadelphia: M. Thomas, 1813.

Brown-Séquard C.E. [Red blood and black blood, and their main gaseous elements, oxygen and carbonic acid]. J Physiol de l'homme 1858; 1: 95–122, 353–367, 729–735.

Ludwig C. , Schmidt A. [The behavior of the gases that flow with the blood through the irritable mammalian muscle]. Leipzig Ber 1868; 20: 12–72.

von Schröder W. [About the formation site of urea]. Arch Exp Path Pharm 1882; 15: 364–402.

von Frey M. , Gruber M. [Studies on the metabolism of isolated organs. I. A respiratory apparatus for isolated organs]. Arch Anat Physiol wiss Med 1885; 9: 519–532.

Jacobi C. [A contribution to the art of artificial circulation of surviving organs]. Archiv Exp Path Pharm 1895; 36: 330–348.

Brodie T.G. The perfusion of surviving organs. J Physiol 1903; 29: 266–275.

Hooker D.R. A study of the isolated kidney: the influence of pulse pressure upon renal function. Am J Physiol 1910; 27: 24–44.

Richards A.N. , Drinker C.K. An apparatus for the perfusion of isolated organs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1915; 7: 467–483.

Hooker D.R. The perfusion of the mammalian medulla. The effect of calcium and of potassium on the respiratory and cardiac centers. Am J Physiol 1915; 38: 200–208.

Konstantinov I.E. , Alexi-Meskishvili V.V. Sergi S Brukhonenko: The development of the first heart-lung machine for total body perfusion. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 69: 962–966.

Brukhonenko S.S. , Tchetchuline S.I. [Experiments with the isolated dog's head]. J Physiol Path Gen 1929; 27: 31–45.

Brukhonenko S.S. Artificial circulation of the whole body of a dog with arrested heart. Trudi Nauchnogo Khimiko-Pharm Inst 1928; 20: 44–72.

Alexi-Meskishvili V.V. , Potapov E.V. , Beyer E.A.K. , Hetzer R. Nikolai Terebinski: A pioneer of the open valve operation. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66: 1440–1443.

Gibbon J.H. Development of the artificial heart and lung extracorporeal blood circuit. JAMA 1968; 206: 1983–1986.

Trendelenburg F. [About the surgical treatment of embolism of the pulmonary artery]. Arch Klin Chir 1908; 86: 686–700.

Gibbon J.H. Artificial maintenance of the circulation during experimental occlusion of the pulmonary artery. Arch Surg 1937; 34: 1105–1131.

De Burgh Daly I. A seven horsepower engine adapted as a blood pump. J Physiol 1933; 77: 36–37.

Dale H.H. , Schuster E.H.J. A double perfusion pump. J Physiol 1928; 64: 356–364.

Gibbon J.H. Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery. Minn Med 1954; 37: 171–177.