Pathological characterization of lymphomas with involvement of the alimentary tract in feline leukemia virus-infected cats

Abstract

Lymphoma is a common neoplasm in cats, in which alimentary lymphoma is a common subtype, and it is usually diagnosed in elderly, feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-negative cats. This study aimed to describe the pathological features of lymphoma with involvement of the alimentary tract in FeLV-antigen-positive cats. In a 12-year retrospective study, 32 necropsied and FeLV-infected cats with lymphoma affecting the alimentary tract were identified. Twenty-one cases were multicentric lymphomas with secondary involvement of the alimentary tract, and the remaining 11 cats were considered to have primary alimentary lymphoma. The small intestine was the most common anatomic location (23/32; 72%), followed by the large intestine (19/32; 59%) and stomach (18/32; 56%). In 22/32 cases (69%), multiple organs within the alimentary tract were concomitantly affected. Thickening of the intestinal and gastric walls was the most common gross lesion (23/32; 72%), while mural nodules were observed in 16/32 cats (50%). The mesenteric lymph nodes were frequently affected (22/32; 69%). Most lymphomas were composed of large (17/32; 53%) and intermediate cells (14/32; 44%). B-cell lymphomas were more frequent (24/32; 75%), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common diagnosis (15/32; 47%). In 31/32 (97%) cases, FeLV gp70 antigen was detected in neoplastic lymphocytes by immunohistochemistry. Lymphomas affecting the alimentary tract may be observed in FeLV-infected, young adult cats, in which large to intermediate cell and B-cell lymphomas are more frequently observed, and small cell T-cell intestinal lymphoma is unlikely to be diagnosed.