Resuscitation decisions for patients dying in the community: A qualitative interview study of general practitioner perspectives

Abstract

Background:

Most patients dying at home do not have a Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation decision and may have inappropriate attempts at resuscitation made when they die.

Aim:

To investigate how general practitioners think and feel about making and communicating Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation decisions for patients dying in the community.

Design:

Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with general practitioners. The interviews were recorded and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Setting/participants:

Purposive sampling was used to recruit 10 general practitioners from urban and rural practices in Southern England and of various ages and experience. Interviews were carried out either in their home or in their practice.

Results:

General practitioners often wait until the patient has clearly deteriorated to communicate and document the Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation decision. They consider the chance of success of a resuscitation attempt, quality of life, dignity and the patient’s and family’s wishes. General practitioners feel they should discuss the decision with the patient but have anxieties about this. They vary widely in how much they guide patients and families in decision-making. Timing and the avoidance of conflict are important. Teamwork provides support in decision-making.

Conclusion:

Resuscitation decisions are important in facilitating a peaceful death, but can be difficult for general practitioners to discuss. General practitioners might benefit from clearer guidance on when an attempt at resuscitation is unlikely to be successful, especially in non-malignant disease. Team discussions including Gold Standards Framework meetings can give confidence and support in making difficult end-of-life decisions.