This article examines the anthropotechnical design of orthopedic footwear for patients with diabetic foot syndrome. A 3D spacer knitted fabric was used as a barrier between the researcher's foot and the ground. For the purpose of the research, 7–11 mm thick knitted fabrics with longitudinal elasticity from 45–90 kPa were designed and produced on a double-bar warp knitting machine. The FreeMed Professional mat was used to measure the pressures exerted by the foot on a “bare” walking surface and on the surface equipped with the spacer knitted fabric and compared, proving that in the latter case the unit pressure on the patient's foot decreased by 30%. The obtained measurements provide a good starting point for further research on the optimization of loads on human feet.
PraxelTAFordTJVanderboomEW.Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of performing the diabetic foot exam. Am J Med Qual2011;
26: 193–199.
2.
RodriguesBTVangavetiVNMalabuUH.Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic lower limb amputation: A clinic-based case control study. J Diabetes Res 2016(2016): 5941957.
3.
IbrahimA.IDF Clinical practice recommendation on the diabetic foot: A guide for healthcare professionals2017;
127: 285–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2017.04.013
4.
ChammasNKHillRLREdmondsME.Increased mortality in diabetic foot ulcer patients: The significance of ulcer type. J Diabetes Res2016;
2016: 2879809.
5.
HeyerKDebusESMayerhoffL, et al.
Prevalence and regional distribution of lower limb amputations from 2006 to 2012 in Germany: A population based study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg2015;
50: 761–766.
ApelqvistJ. The diabetic foot syndrome today: A pandemic uprise. Frontiers in Diabetes2018; 26: 1–18. DOI: 10.1159/000480040.
8.
Al-MahroosFAl-RoomiK.Diabetic neuropathy, foot ulceration, peripheral vascular disease and potential risk factors among patients with diabetes inBahrain: A nationwide primary care diabetes clinic-based study. Ann Saudi Med2007;
27: 25–31.
9.
MałeckiRRosińskiKAdamiecR.Etiological factors of infections in diabetic foot syndrome – attempt to define optimal empirical therapy. Adv Clin Exp Med2014;
23: 39–48.
10.
El‐DeenHBFahmySAliSA, et al.
Polarized light versus light‐emitting diode on healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcer. Rom J Biophys2014;
24: 1–15.
11.
LipskyB.A report from the international consensus on diagnosing and treating the infected diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev2004;
20: 68–77.
12.
MikołajczykZNowakIKawińskiA, et al.
Phototherapy in the treatment of diabetic foot–a preliminary study. Autex Res J2021. Doi: 10.2478/aut-2021-0048
KumarJVSathyaseelanJ.Foam dressings in the topical management of diabetic foot. IOSR-JDMS2016;
15: 32–35.
17.
NilsenFMolundMLiumE, et al.
Material selection for diabetic custom insoles: A systematic review of insole materials and their properties. J Prosthet Orthot2022. DOI: 10.1097/JPO.0000000000000403
18.
GhassemiAMossayebiAJamshidiN, et al.
Manufacturing and finite element assessment of a novel pressure reducing insole for diabetic neuropathic patients. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med2014;
38. DOI: 10.1007/s13246-014-0319-0.
19.
WildSHByrneCDSmithFB, et al.
Low ankle-brachial pressure index predicts increased risk of cardiovascular disease independent of the metabolic syndrome and conventional cardiovascular risk factors in the Edinburgh Artery Study. Diabetes Care2006;
29: 637–642.
20.
TsungBYSZhangMMakAFT, et al.
Effectiveness of insoles on plantar pressure redistribution. J Rehabil Res Dev2004;
41: 767–774.
21.
TachibanaTImafukuSIrisawaR, et al.
The wound/burn guidelines – 2: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment for pressure ulcers. J Dermatol2016;
43: 469–506.
22.
YoungMJCavanaghPRThomasG, et al.
The effect of callus removal on dynamic plantar foot pressures in diabetic patients. Diabet Med1997;
9: 55–57.
23.
SnyderRJKirsnerRSWarrinerRA, et al.
Consensus recommendations on advancing the standard of care for treating neuropathic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Ostomy Wound Manage2010;
56: S1–S24.
24.
RosyidFN.Etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of diabetics’ foot ulcer. Int J Res Med Sci2017;
5: 4206–4213.
25.
NilssonMKFriisRMichaelsenMS, et al.
Classification of the height and flexibility of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. J Foot Ankle Res2012;
5: DOI: 10.1186/1757-1146-5-3
26.
LangleyBCrampMMorrisonSC.Clinical measures of static foot posture do not agree. J Foot Ankle Res2016;
9: 45.
27.
FernandoMECrowtherRGPappasE, et al.
Plantar pressure in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients with active foot ulceration, previous ulceration and no history of ulceration: A metaanalysis of observational studies. PLoS One2014;
9: e99050.
28.
MikołajczykZNowakIKuchtysI, et al. Analysis of pressure parameters in orthopedic footwear for people suffering from diabetic foot syndrome. 21st World Textile Conference AUTEX 2022 - AUTEX Conference Proceeding, 7–10 June 2022, Lodz, Poland. Lodz: Lodz University of Technology Press, pp. 614–617. DOI: 10.34658/9788366741751
29.
Korzon-BurakowskaA.Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej, t. 2 - Choroby Serca i Naczyń - Zespół stopy cukrzycowej – patogeneza i praktyczne aspekty postępowania. Katedra i Klinika Nadciśnienia Tętniczego i Diabetologii Akademii Medycznej w Gdańsku, 2008.
30.
KaziuPMikołajczykZKłonowskaM, et al. ().
Design methodology and technology of textile footwear. Materials2022;
15: 5720.
31.
MikołajczykZSzałekB andPieklakK.Empirical analysis of the impact strength of textile knitted barrier meshes. Autex Res J2021;
21(4): 363–378. https://doi.org/10.2478/aut-2020-0030
32.
KopiasKMikołajczykZ andKowalskiK.Knitted geotextiles for road reinforcement. Fibres Text East Eur2011;
89: 80–82.
