A geometric modeling platform based on the virtual fiber-voxel element is proposed to characterize textile reinforcement in a cost-effective way, which could reflect the systemic local changes of the tow path and tow cross-section. The finite volume method is used to solve the governing equation of the boundary value problem, and the permeability of the fabric is calculated by using the flow field data obtained from the model. The flow field analysis and pressure drop in flow direction of different thickness unit cells suggest that the size of inter-tow channels play a vital role in determining the overall in-plane permeability values. The flow channels of the inter tow in warp direction were found to be greater than in the weft direction, which causes the overall permeability to be anisotropic.
ChebilNDeléglise-LagardèreMParkCH.Efficient numerical simulation method for three dimensional resin flow in laminated preform during liquid composite molding processes. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf2019;
125: 105519.
2.
Chung HaePFuS-YMaiY-W, et al.
Modeling void formation and unsaturated flow in liquid composite molding processes: a survey and review. J Reinf Plast Compos2011;
30: 957–977.
3.
GreenSDMatveevMYLongAC, et al.
Mechanical modelling of 3D woven composites considering realistic unit cell geometry. Compos Struct2014;
118: 284–293.
4.
AliMAUmerRKhanKA, et al.
Application of X-ray computed tomography for the virtual permeability prediction of fiber reinforcements for liquid composite molding processes: A review. Compos Sci Technol2019;
184. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107828.
5.
VerpoestILomovS.Virtual textile composites software: Integration with micro-mechanical, permeability and structural analysis. Compos Sci Technol2005;
65: 2563–2574.
6.
VandeurzenPIvensJVerpoestI.A three-dimensional micromechanical analysis of woven-fabric composites: I. Geometric analysis. Compos Sci Technol1996;
56: 1303–1315.
7.
LinHBrownLPLongAC.Modelling and simulating textile structures using TexGen. Adv Mater Res2011;
331: 44–47.
8.
LinHZengXSherburnM, et al.
Automated geometric modelling of textile structures. Tex Res J2011;
82: 1689–1702.
9.
EndruweitAZengXMatveevM, et al.
Effect of yarn cross-sectional shape on resin flow through inter-yarn gaps in textile reinforcements. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Mfg2018;
104: 139–150.
10.
BodaghiMVanaerschotALomovSV, et al.
On the variability of mesoscale permeability of a 2/2 twill carbon fabric induced by variability of the internal geometry. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Mfg2017;
101: 394–407.
11.
WongaCCLongaACSherburnaM, et al.
Comparisons of novel and efficient approaches for permeability prediction based on the fabric architecture. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Mfg2006;
37: 847–857.
12.
SweryEEMeierRLomovSV, et al.
Predicting permeability based on flow simulations and textile modelling techniques: Comparison with experimental values and verification of FlowTex solver using Ansys CFX. J Compos Mater2016;
50: 601–615.
13.
LiuYStraumitIVasiukovD, et al.
Prediction of linear and non-linear behavior of 3D woven composite using mesoscopic voxel models reconstructed from X-ray micro-tomography. Compos Struct2017;
179: 568–579.
14.
HuangWCaussePBrailovskiV, et al.
Reconstruction of mesostructural material twin models of engineering textiles based on Micro-CT Aided Geometric Modeling. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Mfg2019;
124. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105481.
15.
WintibaBVasiukovDPanierS, et al.
Automated reconstruction and conformal discretization of 3D woven composite CT scans with local fiber volume fraction control. Composite Structures2020;
248. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112438.
16.
NaouarNVidal-SalleESchneiderJ, et al.
3D composite reinforcement meso FE analyses based on X-ray computed tomography. Composite Structures2015;
132: 1094–1104.
17.
WangYQSunXK.Digital-element simulation of textile processes. Compos Sci Technol2001;
61: 311–319.
18.
ZhouGSunXWangY.Multi-chain digital element analysis in textile mechanics. Compos Sci Technol2004;
64: 239–244.
19.
MiaoYZhouEWangY, et al.
Mechanics of textile composites: Micro-geometry. Compos Sci Technol2008;
68: 1671–1678.
20.
GreenSDLongACEl SaidBSF, et al.
Numerical modelling of 3D woven preform deformations. Compos Struct2014;
108: 747–756.
21.
HuangLWangYMiaoY, et al.
Dynamic relaxation approach with periodic boundary conditions in determining the 3-D woven textile micro-geometry. Compos Struct2013;
106: 417–425.
22.
XieJChenXZhangY, et al.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the needling process for quartz fibers. Compos Sci Technol2018;
165: 115–123.
23.
DoitrandAFagianoCIrisarriFX, et al.
Comparison between voxel and consistent meso-scale models of woven composites. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Mfg2015;
73: 143–154.
24.
GrailGHirsekornMWendlingA, et al.
Consistent finite element mesh generation for meso-scale modeling of textile composites with preformed and compacted reinforcements. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Mfg2013;
55: 143–151.
25.
ZhangCCuriel-SosaJLBuiTQ.Comparison of periodic mesh and free mesh on the mechanical properties prediction of 3D braided composites. Compos Struct2017;
159: 667–676.
26.
CoxBNCarterWCFleckNA.A binary model of textile composite – I. Formulation. Acta Metall Mater1994;
42: 3463–3479.
27.
JiangW-GHallettSRWisnomMR.Development of Domain Superposition Technique for the Modelling of Woven Fabric Composites.
Dordrecht:
SpringerNetherlands, 2008, pp. 281–291.
28.
TabatabaeiSALomovSVVerpoestI.Assessment of embedded element technique in meso-FE modelling of fibre reinforced composites. Compos Struct2014;
107: 436–446.
29.
LiuCXieJSunY, et al.
Micro-scale modeling of textile composites based on the virtual fiber embedded models. Compos Struct2019;
230.
30.
TabatabaeiSALomovSV.Eliminating the volume redundancy of embedded elements and yarn interpenetrations in meso-finite element modelling of textile composites. Comput Struct2015;
152: 142–154.
31.
ZhangDFengGSunM, et al.
Finite element analysis of mesh size effect of 3D angle-interlock woven composites using voxel-based method. Appl Compos Mater2018;
25: 905–920.
32.
FangGChenCMengS, et al.
Mechanical analysis of three-dimensional braided composites by using realistic voxel-based model with local mesh refinement. J Compos Mater2019;
53: 475–487.
33.
ThompsonAJEl SaidBBelnoueJPH, et al.
Modelling process induced deformations in 0/90 non-crimp fabrics at the meso-scale. Compos Sci Technol2018;
168: 104–110.
34.
LiuJChenLXieJ, et al.
Micro-flow model with a new algorithm of random fiber distribution over the transverse cross-section. Polym Compos2020;
41: 5006–5015.
35.
MahadikYHallettSR.Finite element modelling of tow geometry in 3D woven fabrics. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Mfg2010;
41: 1192–1200.
36.
DaelemansLFaesJAllaouiS, et al.
Finite element simulation of the woven geometry and mechanical behaviour of a 3D woven dry fabric under tensile and shear loading using the digital element method. Compos Sci Technol2016;
137: 177–187.
37.
AvisDBremnerDSeidelR.How good are convex hull algorithms?Comput Geom1997;
7: 265–301.
38.
ShimratM.Algorithm 112: Position of point relative to polygon. Commun ACM1962;
5: 434.
39.
HainesE.I.4. - Point in Polygon Strategies. In: HeckbertPS (ed.) Graphics Gems.
Academic Press, 1994, pp. 24–46.
VerleyeBCroceRGriebelM, et al.
Permeability of textile reinforcements simulation, influence of shear and validation. Compos Sci Technol2008;
68: 2804–2810.
42.
NgoNTammaKK.Microscale permeability predictions of porous fibrous media. Int J Heat Mass Transfer2001;
44: 3135–3145.
43.
NgoNDTammaKK.Complex three-dimensional microstructural permeability prediction of porous fibrous media with and without compaction. Int J Num Methods Engng2004;
60: 1741–1757.
Adams KL, Russel WB and Rebenfeld L. WB R and L R.Radial penetration of a viscous liquid into a planar anisotropic porous medium. Int J Multiphase Flow1988;
14: 203–215.
47.
TahirMWHallströmSÅkermoM.Effect of dual scale porosity on the overall permeability of fibrous structures. Compos Sci Technol2014;
103: 56–62.
48.
AaboudBSaouabANawabY.Simulation of air bubble’s creation, compression, and transport phenomena in resin transfer moulding. J Compos Mater2017;
51: 4115–4127.
49.
ZengXEndruweitABrownLP, et al.
Numerical prediction of in-plane permeability for multilayer woven fabrics with manufacture-induced deformation. Compos: Part A2015;
77: 266–274.
