Causes of death and sociodemographic predictors of dead-on-arrival adult cases in Ethiopia

Abstract

To determine the cause of death and sociodemographic predictors of dead-on-arrival cases brought for autopsy, a cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 422 dead-on-arrival cases brought for an autopsy to a tertiary center in Ethiopia were reviewed. Descriptive and analytic analysis were used, and logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between sociodemographic variables and the cause of death. The study found that dead-on-arrival cases accounted for 32.5% of all autopsied cases. The mean age was 38.9 ± 15.6 years and ranged from 15 to 90. Approximately two-thirds of the cases were in the 15 to 44 age range. Male victims accounted for more than two-thirds of the cases, and 82.9% of the victims were urban residents. The cause of death could not be determined in 6.6% of cases. Unnatural deaths were the leading causes, followed by communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases. Pneumonia and coronary artery disease were the leading specific causes of death. Residence and age were found to be associated with unnatural deaths. Urban residents had higher odds of dying due to communicable diseases compared to rural residents. Additionally, younger individuals aged 15–29 years had lower odds of dying due to non-communicable diseases compared to those older than 75 years. In conclusion, the high number of brought-in dead cases in Ethiopia, particularly among the younger population, is a concerning issue that requires immediate attention. Unnatural deaths were predominant, highlighting the need for improved safety measures and emergency medical services.