Two decades of rapid advances in basic knowledge, industrial technology and surgical skill have made shoulder replacement a predictable, safe and successful operation. This article looks to pass on some of these advances in our understanding of anatomy, pathology, surgical approaches and releases. It looks at contentious issues such as the hemi versus total shoulder debate, the stemmed, surface and stemless debate, the issues of DVT prophylaxis and prophylaxis against infection. Finally the article makes the plea that shoulders are different from hips and knees and that long term results depend more upon cuff function than prosthetic failure.
GartsmanGM, RoddeyTS, HammermanSM. Shoulder arthroplasty with or without resurfacing the glenoid.J Bone Joint Surg2000; 82: 26–34.
2.
LoIK, LitchfieldR., KirkleyA. Quality of life outcome following hemiarthroplasty or total shoulder replacement.J Bone Joint Surg2005; 87: 2178–85.
3.
SandowML, DavidHG, BentallSJ. Hemiarthroplastty or total shoulder replacement for shoulder arthritis.J Shoulder Elbow Surg1999; 8: 518–19.
4.
KhanA., BunkerTD, KitsonJB. Clinical and radiological follow-up of the Aequalis third-generation cemented total shoulder replacement: a minimum ten-year study.J Bone Joint Surg2009; 91: 1594–600.
SathyamurthyS., BunkerT. The second sucker technique.BESS Annual Scientific Meeting, Wrightington, 2003.
7.
NaveedM., KitsonJ., BunkerT. The results of reverse polarity shoulder replacement.J Bone Joint Surg2011; 93: 57–61.
8.
SperlingJW, CofieldRH, DriscollSW, TorchiaME, RowlandCM. Radiographic assessment of ingrowth total shoulder arthroplasty.J Shoulder Elbow Surg2000; 9: 507–13.
9.
HainesJF, TrailIA, NuttallD., BirchA., BarrowA. The results of arthroplasty in osteoarthritis of the shoulder.J Bone Joint Surg Br2006; 88B: 496–501.
10.
EdwardsTB, KadakiaNR, BoileauP., WalchG. A comparison of hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty in the treatment of primary glenohumeral arthritis.J Shoulder Elbow Surg2003; 12: 207–13.
11.
RadnayCS, SetterKJ, ChambersL.. Total shoulder replacement compared with humeral head replacement for the treatment of primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis: a systematic review.J Shoulder Elbow Surg2007; 16: 396–402.
12.
SperlingJW, CofieldRH. Pulmonary embolism following shoulder arthroplasty.J Bone Joint Surg Am2002; 84A: 1939–41.
13.
SperlingJW, CofieldRH, RowlandCM. Minimum fifteen-year follow-up of Neer hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty in patients aged fifty years or younger.J Shoulder Elbow Surg2004; 13: 604–13.
14.
QureshiS., HsiaoA., KlugRA. Subscapularis function after total shoulder replacement; results with lesser tuberosity osteotomy.J Shoulder Elbow Surgery2008; 17: 68–72.
15.
LadermannA., MelisB., WalchG. Incidence of neurological lesions after total shoulder replacement. 11th International Congress of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Edinburgh, 2010: 56.
16.
LymanS., ShermanS., CarterTI. Prevalence and risk factors for symptomatic thromboembolic events after shoulder arthroplasty.Clin Orthop Relat Res2006; 448: 152–6.
17.
WillisAA, WarrenRF, CraigEV. Incidence of DVT after TSR.J Shoulder Elbow Surgery2009; 18: 100–16.
18.
FortisA., BunkerT. Perthes approach to the shoulder.BESS Annual Scientific Meeting, Reading, 1995.
19.
FeldmanA., BunkerT. Rotational dissociation of glenoid components in total shoulder prosthesis.J Shoulder Elbow Surg1999; 8: 279–80.
20.
GageyO., SpraulJM, VinhTS. Posterolateral approach of the shoulder; assessment of 50 cases.J Shoulder Elbow Surg2001; 10: 47–51.
21.
SheridanB., BunkerT. Posterior approach for primary glenoid dysplasia.Shoulder Elbow2011 (In Press).
22.
KhanA., BunkerT. Humeral head perfusion.BESS Annual Scientific Meeting, Liverpool, 2008.
23.
TrailI. Stemmed total shoulder replacement. In: BulstrodeC., Wilson-MacDonaldJ., FairbankJ (eds), Oxford Textbook of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Second Edition.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011; pp 339–347.
