To investigate the effect of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) on the expression of a CD34+/C-kit+ progenitor cell population in peripheral blood in infants. The expression of CD34+/C-kit+ stem cells in peripheral blood of 10 patients after DHCA was measured before institution of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (T0), at 12–24 hours (T1) and 4–5 days (T2) after cessation of CPB, respectively. The level of CD34+/C-kit+ stem cells in peripheral blood was significantly higher in the DHCA group at T1 and T2 (p<0.01). Our data show that DHCA may cause the increase of CD34+/C-kit+ stem cells in peripheral blood after surgery. The role of increase of CD34+/C-kit+ stem cells in peripheral blood on the beneficial effects of DHCA needs to be studied.
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