Much information can be derived about users’ geospatial information requirements based on how they interact with a geospatial system. Our research focuses on the analysis of mouse movements and map navigation operations as a proxy to implicitly determine users’ interests. Visualization provides an effective way of investigating how these interactions can provide an insight into users’ preferences and task at hand. This article describes GIViz (Geospatial Interactions Visualizer), a visualization tool that enables system designers to analyze user interface behavior with a geospatial data set. Behavior traits identified can be exploited to improve map personalization engines. In particular, this article discusses the visualization of user interface behavior to gain a better understanding of the correlation between users’ actions, the interaction strategy employed for approaching a particular type of task and users’ interests.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
TezukaT, TanakaK.Presentation of dynamic maps by estimating user intentions from operation history. In: ChamT-J, CaiJ, DoraiC, RajanD, ChuaT-S, ChiaL-T (Eds). Proceedings of the 13th International MultiMedia Modeling Conference (MMM 2007), January 2007 (Singapore) Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2007; 156–165.
2.
BrunatoM, BattitiR.PILGRIM: a location broker and mobility-aware recommendation system.Proceedings of the first IEEE Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom03), IEEE Computer Society: Los Alamitos, CA, March 2003; 265–272.
3.
KobsaA.Privacy-enhanced web personalization. In: BrusilovskiP, KobsaA, NejdlW (Eds). The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization, 2007 (Heidelberg, Germany) Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2007; 628–670.
4.
ClaypoolM, LeP, WasedaM, BrownD.Implicit interest indicators. In: AmantRS, ReidlJ, JamesonA (Eds). Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI'01), 2001 (Santa Fe, NM), ACM Press: Santa Fe, New Mexico, 2001; 33–40.
JohnBE, AndkierasDE.The GOMS family of user interface analysis techniques: comparison and contrast. ACM Transactions On Computer-Human Interaction1996; 4: 320–351.
7.
MuellerF, LockerdA.Cheese: tracking mouse movement activity on websites a tool for user modeling. In: TerveenL, WixonD (Eds). Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'02), 2002 (Seattle, WA), ACM Press: Seattle, Washington, 2002; 279–280.
8.
ArroyoE, SelkerT, WeiW.Usability tool for analysis of web designs using mouse tracks. In: OlsonG, JeffriesR (Eds). Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'06) Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2006 (Québec, Canada), ACM Press: Québec, Canada, 2006; 484–489.
9.
Mac AoidhE, BertolottoM, WilsonDC.Analysis of implicit interest indicators for spatial data. In: SametH, ShahabiC, SchneiderM (Eds). Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, 7-9 November 2007 (Seattle, WA), ACM Press: Seattle, Washington, 2007; 336–339.
10.
Mac AoidhE, BertolottoM, WilsonD.Implicit profiling for contextual reasoning about user's spatial preferences. In: WilsonD, KehemaniD (Eds). Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Case Based Reasoning and Context-Awareness (held in conjunction with 7th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR'07), 13-16 August 2007 (Belfast, Northern Ireland), ICCBR'07: Belfast, Northern Ireland, 2007; 177–184.
11.
WeakliamJ, BertolottoM, WilsonD.Implicit interaction profiling for recommending spatial content. In: ShahabiC, BoucelmaO (Eds). Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, 2005 (Bremen, Germany), ACM Press: Bremen, Germany, 2005; 285–294.
12.
HiroseM, HiramotoR, SumiyaK.GeminiMap - geographical enhanced map interface for navigation on the internet. In: TaylorG, WareM (Eds). Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems (W2GIS07), November 2007 (Cardiff, UK), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2007; 279–292.
13.
HiramotoR, SumiyaK.Web information retrieval based on user operation on digital maps. In: KazemiL, ShahabiC, SharifzadehM, VincentL (Eds). Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, 2006 (Arlington, VA), ACM Press: Arlington, Virginia, 2006; 99–106.
14.
CoxAL, SilvaMM.The role of mouse movements in interactive search.Proceedings of the 28th Annual CogSci Conference, 26-29 July 2006 (Vancouver, Canada), CogSci: Vancouver, Canada, 2006; 1156–1162.
15.
ChenMC, AndersonJR, SohnMH.What can a mouse cursor tell us more?Correlation of eye/mouse movements on web browsing. In: TremaineM (Ed). Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'01), 2001 (Seattle, WA), ACM Press: Seattle, Washington, 2001; 281–282.
16.
AttererR, WnukM, and SchmidtA.Knowing the users every move - user activity tracking for website usability evaluation and implicit interaction. In: CarrL, De RoureD, LyengarA, GobleC, DahlinM (Eds). Proceedings of the 15th International ACM Conference on World Wide Web, 2006 (Edinburgh, Scotland), ACM Press: Edinburgh, Scotland, 2006; 203–212.
BucherB, BuardE, JolivetL, RuasA.The need for web legend services. In: TaylorG, WareM (Eds). Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems (W2GIS07), November 2007 (Cardiff, UK) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag: Cardiff, UK.2007.
21.
MacEachrenAM, KraakM-J.Research challenges in geo-visualization. Cartography and Geographic Information Science2001; 28: 3–12.
22.
ShneidermanB.The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations.Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, IEEE Computer Soceity: Boulder, Colorado, 3-6 September 1996, 336–343.
23.
AndrienkoGL, AndrienkoNV.Interactive maps for visual data exploration. International Journal of Geographical Information Science1999; 13: 355–374.
24.
MacEachrenAM, KraakMJ.Exploratory cartographic visualization: advancing the agenda, Guest Editorial. Computers GeoSciences Special Issue ICA: Commission on Visualization1997; 23: 335–343.
25.
PanB, HembrookeH, GayG, GrankaL, FeusnerM, NewmanJ.The determinants of web page viewing behavior: an eye tracking study. In: DuchowskiVertegaal (Eds). Proceedings of 2004 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA), 2004 (San Antonio, TX), ACM Press: San Antonio, Texas, 2004; 147–154.
RobinsonAC, ChenJ, LengerichEJ, MeyerHG, MacEachrenAM.Combining usability techniques to design geovisualization tools for epidemiology. Cartography and Geographic Information Science2005; 32: 243–255.
30.
vanSomerenMW, BarnardYF, SandbergJAC.The Think Aloud Method: A Practical Guide to Modeling Cognitive Processes.Academic Press: London, 1994.
