In this paper we examine the interaction between technology policy and its impact on the full basket of worldwide greenhouse emissions over the 21st century. The heart of the analysis is the Argonne National Laboratory’s AMIGA Modeling System, a technology rich, general equilibrium model that (depending on data availability) characterizes as many as 200 sectors of the regional economies. We suggest in this paper that technologies and technology policies exist which could reduce carbon emissions enough to achieve stabilization targets at relatively modest costs given the size of the world economy. This can be accomplished largely through harnessing market forces and creating incentives with the use of efficient prices on greenhouse gas emissions, combined with complementary programs and policies to reduce market failures and to promote new technology improvements and investments.
BaranziniAndreaChesneyMarcMorissetJacques (2003). “The Impact of Possible Climate Catastrophes on Global Warming Policy.” Energy Policy, 31, pp. 691-701.
3.
Climate Protection Partnerships Division (2004). “Protecting The Environment—Together: Energy Star and Other Voluntary Programs, Climate Protection Partnerships Division (CPPD) 2003 Annual Report.” US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4.
DeCanioStephen J. (1994). “Why Do Profitable Energy-Saving Investment Projects Languish?” Journal of General Management, 20 (1), pp. 62-71.
5.
DeCanioStephen J.DibbleCatherine, and KeyVan Amir-Atefi (2000). “The Importance of Organizational Structure for the Adoption of Innovations.” Management Science, 2000, 46(10), pp. 1285-1299.
6.
CaseyDelhotal K.de la ChesnayeFrancisco C.GardinerAnnBatesJudithSankovskiAlexei (2006). “Mitigation of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Waste, Energy and Industry.” The Energy Journal (this issue).
7.
Energy Innovations (1997). “Energy Innovations: A Prosperous Path to a Clean Environment,” Washington, DC: Alliance to Save Energy, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Natural Resources Defense Council, Tellus Institute, and Union of Concerned Scientists.
8.
HansonDonald A.“Skip”LaitnerJohn A.MortensonJohn C.(2003).Modeling Energy-Efficiency Program Effort and Administrative Expenditures,” Proceedings of the 2003 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.
9.
HansonDonald A.JohnA. “Skip”Laitner (2004). “An Integrated Analysis of Policies That Increase Investments in Advanced Energy-Efficient/Low-Carbon Technologies.” Energy Economics, 2004, 26(4), pp. 739-755.
10.
HansonDonald A.MintzerIrvingJohnA.“Skip”LaitnerAmber J. Leonard(2004). “Engines of Growth: Energy Challenges, Opportunities, and Uncertainties in the 21st Century,” Argonne, IL: Argonne National Laboratory.
11.
Interlaboratory Working Group (2000). Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future. Oak Ridge, TN and Berkeley, CA: Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
12.
(Skip)LaitnerJohnParksWilliamSchillingJenniferScheerRichard(1999). “Federal Strategies to Increase the Implementation of Combined Heat and Power Technologies in the United States,” 1999 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry. New York: American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy.
13.
“Skip”LaitnerJohn A.Sanstad Alan H.(2004). “Learning by Doing on Both the Demand and the Supply Sides: Implications for Electric Utility Investments in a Heuristic Model.” International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy, 2(1/2), pp. 142-152.
14.
“Skip” LaitnerJohn A. (2004). “How Far Energy Efficiency?,” Proceedings of the 2004 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy.
15.
“Skip” LaitnerJohn A.SullivanJames T.(2001). “Exploring the Seemingly Unexpected Successes of EPA Voluntary Technology Programs,” 2001 Academy of Management Symposium “Alliances with Government”. Washington, DC.
16.
LemarPaul L (2001). “The Potential Impact of Policies to Promote Combined Heat and Power in US Industry.” Energy Policy, 29(14), pp. 1243-1254.
17.
LintonJonathan D (2004). “Determining Demand, Supply, and Pricing for Emerging Markets Based on Disruptive Process Technologies.” Technological Forecasting &Social Change, 71, pp. 105-120.
18.
LipmanTimothy E.EdwardsJennifer L.KammenDaniel M. (2002). “Economic Implications of Net Metering for Stationary and Motor Vehicle Fuel Cell Systems in California,” Berkeley, CA: Renewable and Appropriate Energy Lab (RAEL), Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley.
19.
MartinNathanWorrellErnstRuthMichaelPriceLynnNealR.ElliottAnna ShipleyThorneJennifer (2000). “Emerging Energy-Efficient Industrial Technologies,” Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy.
20.
McDonaldAlanSchrattenholzerLeo (2001). “Learning Rates for Energy Technologies.” Energy Policy, 29, pp. 255-261.
21.
MetzBertDavidsonOgulandeSwartRobPanJiahua, eds. (2001). Climate Change 2001 Mitigation: Contribution of Working Group III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
22.
NadelStevenThorneJenniferSachsHarveyPrindleBillElliottNeal (2003). Market Transformation: Substantial Progress from a Decade of Work. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy.
23.
NadelStevenGellerHoward (2001). “Smart Energy Policies: Saving Money and Reducing Pollutant Emissions through Greater Energy Efficiency,” Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy.
24.
NewellRichard G.JaffeAdamStavinsRobert N. (1999). “The Induced Innovation Hypothesis and Energy-Saving Technological Change.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(3), pp. 941-975.
25.
PizerWilliam A. (2003) “Climate Change Catastrophes,” Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
26.
WeartSpencer R. (2003). The Discovery of Global Warming. Cambridge, MA:: Harvard University Press.
27.
WeneClas-Otto (2000). Experience Curves for Energy Technology Policy. Paris, France: International Energy Agency.
28.
WigleyTom (2003). MAGICC/SCENGEN 4.1 Technical Manual, National Center for Atmospheric Research.
