Because the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) is associated with global aspects of community functioning, it is critical to evaluate whether the information gained from specific ADL assessments contributes to a reliable prediction of the overall amount of assistance needed for a person to function in the community. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive use of an ADL assessment, the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), to determine which people with mental retardation need support or assistance to function in the community. A sample of 380 data records from the AMPS international database of people with various levels of mental retardation was included in the study. Many-faceted Rasch analyses and logistic regression models were used for data analysis. The results indicated that only the AMPS ADL process ability measures contributed significantly and substantially to the prediction of the level of assistance required to function in the community for individuals with mild to moderate mental retardation when used in conjunction with age, gender, and level of mental retardation. The results have clinical implications for occupational therapists working with these people because ADL process ability can be improved by occupational therapy interventions.
American Occupational Therapy Association. (2002). Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56, 609–639. Erratum in: Am J Occup Ther.2003; 57: 115.
2.
BernspångB.FisherA. G. (1995). Differences between persons with right or left cerebral vascular accident on the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 76, 1144–1151.
3.
Dawson-SaundersB.TrappR. G. (1994). Basic and clinical biostatistics. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.
4.
FelceD.EmersonE. (2001). Living with support in a home in the community: Predictors of behavioral development and household and community activity. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 7, 75–83.
5.
FisherA. G. (1993). The assessment of IADL motor skills: An application of many-faceted Rasch analysis. American Journal Occupational Therapy, 47, 319–329.
6.
FisherA. G. (1994). Development of a functional assessment that adjusts ability measures for task simplicity and rater leniency. In WilsonM. (Ed.), Objective measurement: Theory into practice (vol. 2, pp. 145–175). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
7.
FisherA. G. (2003a). Assessment of Motor and Process Skills: Development, standardization and administration manual. (5th ed., Vol. 1). Fort Collins, CO: Three Star Press.
8.
FisherA. G. (2003b). Assessment of Motor and Process Skills: User manual. (5th ed., Vol. 2). Fort Collins, CO: Three Star Press.
9.
GirardC.FisherA. G.ShortM. A.DuranL. (1999). Occupational performance differences between psychiatric groups. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 6, 119–126.
10.
GoldmanS. L.FisherA. G. (1996). Cross-cultural validation of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60, 77–85.
11.
HanleyJ. A.McNeilB. J. (1983). A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology, 148, 839–843.
12.
HartmanM. L.FisherA. G.DuranL. (1999). Assessment of functional ability of people with Alzheimer's disease. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 6, 111–118.
13.
HayaseD.MosenteenD.ThimmaiahD.ZemkeS.FisherA. G. (2004). Age-related changes in activities of daily living ability. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 51, 192–198.
14.
HällgrenM.KottorpA. (2005). Effects of occupational therapy intervention on activities of daily living and awareness of disability in persons with intellectual disabilities. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 52, 350–359.
15.
KottorpA. (2003). Occupation-based evaluation and intervention: Validity of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills when used with persons with mental retardation. Umeå, Sweden: Umeå University.
16.
KottorpA.BernspångB.FisherA. G. (2003a). Activities of daily living in persons with intellectual disability: Strengths and limitations in specific motor and process skills. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 50, 195–204.
17.
KottorpA.BernspångB.FisherA. G. (2003b). Validity of a performance assessment of activities of daily living (ADL) in persons with developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 597–605.
18.
KottorpA.BernspångB.FisherA. G.BryzeK. A. (1995). IADL ability measured with the AMPS: Relation to two classification systems of mental retardation. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2, 121–128.
19.
KottorpA.HällgrenM.BernspångB.FisherA. G. (2003). Client-centred occupational therapy for persons with mental retardation: Implementation of an intervention programme in activities of daily living tasks. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 10, 51–60.
20.
KraemerB. R.McIntyreL. L.BlacherJ. (2003). Quality of life for young adults with mental retardation during transition. Mental Retardation, 41, 250–262.
21.
LarsonS. A.LakinK. C.AndersonL.KwakN.LeeJ. H.AndersonD. (2001). Prevalence of mental retardation and developmental disabilities: Estimates from the 1994/1995 National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplements. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 106, 231–252.
MaaskantM. A.KesselsA. G. H.FrederiksM. A.HavemanM. J.van Schrojenstein Lantman de ValkH. M. J.UrlingsH. F. J.. (1994). Care dependence and services planning. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 38, 299–315.
25.
MaaskantM. A.KesselsA. G. H.FrederiksM. A.HavemanM. J.van Schrojenstein Lantman de ValkH. M. J.UrlingsH. F. J.. (1995). Care dependence and individual care provision. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 39, 306–315.
26.
MaaskantM. A.van den AkkerM.KesselsA. G. H.FrederiksM. A.HavemanM. J.van Schrojenstein Lantman de ValkH. M. J.. (1996). Care dependence and activities of daily living in relation to ageing: Results of a longitudinal study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 40, 535–543.
27.
MagalhãesL.FisherA. G.BernspångB.LinacreJ. M. (1996). Cross-cultural assessment of functional ability. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 16, 46–63.
28.
McNamaraT. (1996). Measuring second language performance. London: Addison Wesley Longman.
MossS.HoggJ.HorneM. (1992). Demographic characteristics of a population of people with moderate, severe and profound intellectual disability (mental handicap) over 50 years of age: Age structure, IQ and adaptive skills. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 36, 387–401.
31.
OttenbacherK. J.GonzalesV. A.SmithP. M.IlligS. B.FiedlerR. C.GrangerC. V. (2001). Satisfaction with medical rehabilitation in patients with cerebrovascular impairment. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80, 876–884.
32.
PrasherV. P.ChungM.HaqueM. S. (1998). Longitudinal changes in adaptive behavior in adults with Down syndrome: Interim findings from a longitudinal study. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 103, 40–46.
33.
ReschlyD. J.MyersT. G.HartelC. R. (Eds.). (2002). Mental retardation: Determining eligibility for social security benefits. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
34.
SowersJ. A.PowersL. (1995). Enhancing the participation and independence of students with severe physical and multiple disabilities in performing community activities. Mental Retardation, 33, 209–220.
35.
StaufferL. M.FisherA. G.DuranL. (2000). ADL performance of black Americans and white Americans on the assessment of motor and process skills. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54, 607–613.
36.
SwetsJ.DawesR.MonahanJ. (2000). Better decisions through science. Scientific American, 283, 82–87.
37.
World Health Organization. (1992). International classification of diseases (ICD-10) (10th ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
38.
YarbroughS. C.CarrE. G. (2000). Some relationships between informant assessment and functional analysis of problem behavior. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 105, 130–151.
