GhaliJ.R., BannisterK.M., BrownF.G., RosmanJ.B., WigginsK.J., JohnsonD.W., McDonaldS.P.Microbiology and outcomes of peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 651–62.
DavenportA.Peritonitis remains the major clinical complication of peritoneal dialysis: the London, UK, peritonitis audit 2002–2003.Perit Dial Int2009; 29: 297–302.
4.
SzetoC.C., WongT.Y., ChowK.M., LeungC.B., LiP.K.Are peritoneal dialysis patients with and without residual renal function equivalent for survival study? Insight from a retrospective review of the cause of death.Nephrol Dial Transplant2003; 18: 977–82.
5.
BrownM.C., SimpsonK., KerssensJ.J., MactierR.A.Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis rates and outcomes in a national cohort are not improving in the post-millennium (2000-2007).Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 639–50.
6.
BoudvilleN., KempA., ClaytonP., LimW., BadveS.V., HawleyC.M.Recent peritonitis associates with mortality among patients treated with peritoneal dialysis.J Am Soc Nephrol2012; 23: 1398–405.
7.
HsiehY.P., ChangC.C., WenY.K., ChiuP.F., YangY.Predictors of peritonitis and the impact of peritonitis on clinical outcomes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients in Taiwan—10 years’ experience in a single center.Perit Dial Int2014; 34: 85–94.
8.
HsiehY.P., ChangC.C., WangS.C., WenY.K., ChiuP.F., YangY.Predictors for and impact of high peritonitis rate in Taiwanese continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.Int Urol Nephrol2015; 47: 183–9.
9.
KeaneW.F., EverettE.D., GolperT.A., GokalR., HalstensonC., KawaguchiY.Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis treatment recommendations: 1993 update. The Ad Hoc Advisory Committee on Peritonitis Management. International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis.Perit Dial Int1993; 13: 14–28.
PirainoB., BernardiniJ., BrownE., FigueiredoA., JohnsonD.W., LyeW.C.ISPD position statement on reducing the risks of peritoneal dialysis-related infections.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 614–30.
15.
AtkinsD., BestD., BrissP.A., EcclesM., Falck-YtterY., FlottorpS.; GRADE Working Group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.BMJ2004; 328: 1490.
16.
WaradyB.A., BakkalogluS., NewlandJ., CantwellM., VerrinaE., NeuA.Consensus guidelines for the prevention and treatment of catheter-related infections and peritonitis in pediatric patients receiving peritoneal dialysis: 2012 update.Perit Dial Int2012; 32(Suppl 2): S32–86.
17.
BorgD., ShettyA., WilliamsD., FaberM.D.Fivefold reduction in peritonitis using a multifaceted continuous quality initiative program.Adv Perit Dial2003; 19: 202–5.
18.
Diaz-BuxoJ.A., WickG.S., PesichA.A.Using CQI techniques for managing infections in PD patients.Nephrol News Issues1998; 12: 22–4.
19.
ChoY., JohnsonD.W.Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: towards improving evidence, practices, and outcomes.Am J Kidney Dis2014; 64: 278–89.
20.
PirainoB.Today's approaches to prevent peritonitis.Contrib Nephrol2012; 178: 246–50.
21.
KuninM., KnechtA., HoltzmanE.J.Mycobacterium chelonae peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis. Literature review.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis2014; 33: 1267–71.
Kopriva-AltfahrtG., KönigP., MündleM., PrischlF., RoobJ.M., WiesholzerM.Exit-site care in Austrian peritoneal dialysis centers—a nationwide survey.Perit Dial Int2009; 29: 330–9.
24.
HanS.H., LeeS.C., AhnS.V., LeeJ.E., ChoiH.Y., KimB.S.Improving outcome of CAPD: twenty-five years’ experience in a single Korean center.Perit Dial Int2007; 27: 432–40.
25.
MoraesT.P., Pecoits-FilhoR., RibeiroS.C., RigoM., SilvaM.M., TeixeiraP.S.Peritoneal dialysis in Brazil: twenty-five years of experience in a single center.Perit Dial Int2009; 29: 492–8.
26.
RochaA., RodriguesA., TeixeiraL., CarvalhoM.J., MendoncaD., CabritaA.Temporal trends in peritonitis rates, microbiology and outcomes: the major clinical complication of peritoneal dialysis.Blood Purif2012; 33: 284–91.
27.
FangW., NiZ., QianJ.Key factors for a high-quality peritoneal dialysis program—the role of the PD team and continuous quality improvement.Perit Dial Int2014; 34(Suppl 2): S35–42.
28.
NishinaM., YanagiH., KakutaT., EndohM., FukagawaM., TakagiA.A 10-year retrospective cohort study on the risk factors for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: a single-center study at Tokai University Hospital.Clin Exp Nephrol2014; 18: 649–54.
29.
SchaeferF., KandertM., FenebergR.Methodological issues in assessing the incidence of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in children.Perit Dial Int2002; 22: 234–8.
30.
PajekJ., HutchisonA.J., BhutaniS., BrenchleyP.E., HurstH., PermeM.P.Outcomes of peritoneal dialysis patients and switching to hemodialysis: a competing risks analysis.Perit Dial Int2014; 34: 289–98.
31.
van DiepenA.T., TomlinsonG.A., JassalS.V.The association between exit site infection and subsequent peritonitis among peritoneal dialysis patients.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2012; 7: 1266–71.
32.
FigueiredoA., GohB., JenkinsS., JohnsonD.W., MactierR., RamalakshmiS.Clinical practice guidelines for peritoneal access.Perit Dial Int2010; 30: 424–9.
33.
WikdahlA.M., EngmanU., StegmayrB.G., SorenssenJ.G.One-dose cefuroxime IV and IP reduces microbial growth in PD patients after catheter insertion.Nephrol Dial Transplant1997; 12: 157–60.
34.
Bennet-JonesD.N., MartinJ.B., BarrattA.J., DuffyT.J., NaishP.F., AberG.M.Prophylactic gentamicin in the prevention of early exit-site infections and peritonitis in CAPD.Adv Perit Dial1988; 4: 147–50.
35.
LyeW.C., LeeE.J., TanC.C.Prophylactic antibiotics in the insertion of Tenckhoff catheters.Scand J Urol Nephrol1992; 26: 177–80.
36.
GadallahM.F., RamdeenG., MignoneJ., PatelD., MitchellL., TatroS.Role of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing postoperative peritonitis in newly placed peritoneal dialysis catheters.Am J Kidney Dis2000; 36: 1014–9.
37.
StrippoliG.F.M., TongA., JohnsonD., SchenaF.P., CraigJ.C.Antimicrobial agents to prevent peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Am J Kidney Dis2004; 44: 591–603.
38.
GadallahM.F., PervezA., el-ShahawyM.A., SorrellsD., ZibariG., McDonaldJ.Peritoneoscopic versus surgical placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters: a prospective randomized study on outcome.Am J Kidney Dis1999; 33: 118–22.
39.
TsimoyiannisE.C., SiakasP., GlantzounisG., ToliC., SferopoulosG., PappasM.Laparoscopic placement of the Tenckhoff catheter for peritoneal dialysis.Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech2000; 10: 218–21.
40.
WrightM.J., Bel'eedK., JohnsonB.F., EadingtonD.W., SellarsL., FarrM.J.Randomized prospective comparison of laparoscopic and open peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion.Perit Dial Int1999; 19: 372–5.
41.
JwoS.C., ChenK.S., LeeC.C., ChenH.Y.Prospective randomized study for comparison of open surgery with laparoscopic-assisted placement of Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheter—a single center experience and literature review.J Surg Res2010; 159: 489–96.
42.
StrippoliG.F., TongA., JohnsonD., SchenaF.P., CraigJ.C.Catheter-related interventions to prevent peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials.J Am Soc Nephrol2004; 15: 2735–46.
43.
EjlersenE., StevenK., LokkegaardH.Paramedian versus midline incision for the insertion of permanent peritoneal dialysis catheters. A randomized clinical trial.Scand J Urol Nephrol1990; 24: 151–4.
44.
RubinJ., DidlakeR., RajuS., HsuH.A prospective randomized evaluation of chronic peritoneal catheters. Insertion site and intraperitoneal segment.ASAIO Trans1990; 36: M497–500.
45.
MoncriefJ.W., PopovichR.P., DasguptaM., CostertonJ.W., SimmonsE., MoncriefB.Reduction in peritonitis incidence in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with a new catheter and implantation technique.Perit Dial Int1993; 13(Suppl 2): S329–31.
46.
ParkM.S., YimA.S., ChungS.H., LeeE.Y., ChaM.K., KimJ.H.Effect of prolonged subcutaneous implantation of peritoneal catheter on peritonitis rate during CAPD: a prospective randomized study.Blood Purif1998; 16: 171–8.
47.
DanielssonA., BlohmeL., TranaeusA., HylanderB.A prospective randomized study of the effect of a subcutaneously ‘buried’ peritoneal dialysis catheter technique versus standard technique on the incidence of peritonitis and exit-site infection.Perit Dial Int2002; 22: 211–9.
AkyolA.M., PorteousC., BrownM.W.A comparison of two types of catheters for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).Perit Dial Int1990; 10: 63–6.
50.
EklundB.H., HonkanenE.O., KalaA.R., KyllonenL.E.Catheter configuration and outcome in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a prospective comparison of two catheters.Perit Dial Int1994; 14: 70–4.
51.
EklundB.H., HonkanenE.O., KalaA.R., KyllonenL.E.Peritoneal dialysis access: prospective randomized comparison of the Swan neck and Tenckhoff catheters.Perit Dial Int1995; 15: 353–6.
52.
LyeW.C., KourN.W., van der StraatenJ.C., LeongS.O., LeeE.J.A prospective randomized comparison of the swan neck, coiled, and straight Tenckhoff catheters in patients on CAPD.Perit Dial Int1996; 16(Suppl 1): S333–5.
53.
NielsenP.K., HemmingsenC., FriisS.U., LadefogedJ., OlgaardK.Comparison of straight and curled Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheters implanted by percutaneous technique: a prospective randomized study.Perit Dial Int1995; 15: 18–21.
JohnsonD.W., WongJ., WigginsK.J., KirwanR., GriffinA., PrestonJ.A randomized controlled trial of coiled versus straight swan-neck Tenckhoff catheters in peritoneal dialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis2006; 48: 812–21.
56.
HagenS.M., LafrancaJ.A., IjzermansJ.N., DorF.J.A systematic review and meta-analysis of the influence of peritoneal dialysis catheter type on complication rate and catheter survival.Kidney Int2014; 85: 920–32.
57.
XieJ.Y., ChenN., RenH., HuangX.M., ZhuP.Prospective studies on applications of a two-cuff swan neck catheter and a Tenckhoff catheter to Chinese CAPD patients.Clin Nephrol2009; 72: 373–9.
58.
LiC.L., CuiT.G., GanH.B., CheungK., LioW.I., KuokU.I.A randomized trial comparing conventional swan-neck straight-tip catheters to straight-tip catheters with an artificial subcutaneous swan neck.Perit Dial Int2009; 29: 278–84.
59.
USRDS.US Renal Data System Annual Data Report IV. Catheter-related factors and peritonitis risk in CAPD patients.Am J Kidney Dis1992; 20(Suppl 2): 48–54.
60.
HondaM., IitakaK., KawaguchiH., HoshiiS., AkashiS., KohsakaT.The Japanese National Registry data on pediatric CAPD patients: a ten-year experience. A report of the Study Group of Pediatric PD Conference.Perit Dial Int1996; 16: 269–75.
61.
WaradyB.A., SullivanE.K., AlexanderS.R.Lessons from the peritoneal dialysis patient database: a report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study.Kidney Int1996; 53: S68–71.
62.
NessimS.J., BargmanJ.M., JassalS.V.Relationship between double-cuff versus single-cuff peritoneal dialysis catheters and risk of peritonitis.Nephrol Dial Transplant2010; 25: 2310–14.
LoW.K., LuiS.L., LiF.K., ChoyB.Y., LamM.F., TseK.C.A prospective randomized study on three different peritoneal dialysis catheters.Perit Dial Int2003; 23(Suppl 2): S127–31.
65.
BurkartJ.M., HylanderB., Durnell-FigelT., RobertsD.Comparison of peritonitis rates during long-term use of standard spike versus Ultraset in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).Perit Dial Int1990; 10: 41–3.
66.
MaiorcaR., CantaluppiA., CancariniG.C., ScalamognaA., BroccoliR., GrazianiG.Prospective controlled trial of a Y-connector and disinfectant to prevent peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Lancet1983; 2: 642–4.
67.
ScalamognaA., De VecchiA., CastelnovoC., GuerraL., PonticelliC.Long-term incidence of peritonitis in CAPD patients treated by the Y-set technique: experience in a single center.Nephron1990; 55: 24–7.
68.
HarrisD.C., YuillE.J., BythK., ChapmanJ.R., HuntC.Twin- versus single-bag disconnect systems: infection rates and cost of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.J Am Soc Nephrol1996; 7: 2392–8.
69.
KiernanL., KligerA., Gorban-BrennanN., JuergensenP., TesinD., VoneshE.Comparison of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related infections with different ‘Y-tubing’ exchange systems.J Am Soc Nephrol1995; 5: 1835–8.
70.
LiP.K., SzetoC.C., ChauK.F., FungK.S., LeungC.B., LiC.S.Comparison of double-bag and Y-set disconnect systems in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a randomized prospective multicenter study.Am J Kidney Dis1999; 33: 535–40.
71.
MonteonF., Correa-RotterR., PaniaguaR., AmatoD., HurtadoM.E., MedinaJ.L.Prevention of peritonitis with disconnect systems in CAPD: a randomized controlled trial. The Mexican Nephrology Collaborative Study Group.Kidney Int1998; 54: 2123–8.
72.
ChengI.K., ChanC.Y., ChengS.W., PoonJ.F., JiY.L., LoW.K.A randomized prospective study of the cost-effectiveness of the conventional spike, O-set, and UVXD techniques in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int1994; 14: 255–60.
73.
Canadian CAPD Clinical Trials GroupPeritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): a multi-centre randomized clinical trial comparing the Y-connector disinfectant system to standard systems.Perit Dial Int1989; 9: 159–63.
74.
DrydenM.S., McCannM., WingA.J., PhillipsI.Controlled trial of a Y-set dialysis delivery system to prevent peritonitis in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.J Hosp Infect1992; 20: 185–92.
75.
LiP.K., ChanT.H., SoW.Y., WangA.Y., LeungC.B., LaiK.N.Comparisons of Y-set disconnect system (Ultraset) versus conventional spike system in uremic patients on CAPD: outcome and cost analysis.Perit Dial Int1996; 16(Suppl 1): S368–70.
76.
OwenJ.E., WalkerR.G., LemonJ., BrettL., MitrouD., BeckerG.J.Randomized study of peritonitis with conventional versus O-set techniques in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int1992; 12: 216–20.
77.
ViglinoG., ColomboA., ScalamognaA., CavalliP.L., GuerraL., RenzettiG.Prospected randomized study of two Y devices in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).Perit Dial Int1989; 9: 165–8.
78.
ViglinoG., ColomboA., CantuP., CameriniC., CatizoneL., BonelloF.In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a new connector device for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int1993; 13(Suppl 2): S148–51.
79.
RottembourgJ., BrouardR., IssadB., AllouacheM., JacobsC.Prospective randomized study about Y-connectors in CAPD patients.Adv Perit Dial1987; 3: 107–13.
80.
LindholmT., SimonsenO., KrutzenL.Evaluation of a new take-off system (Ultraset) versus conventional spike system in uremic patients on CAPD: outcome and cost-analysis.Adv Perit Dial1988; 4: 262–5.
81.
DalyC., CodyJ.D., KhanI., RabindranathK.S., ValeL., WallaceS.A.Double bag or Y-set versus standard transfer systems for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in end-stage kidney disease.Cochrane Database Syst Rev2014; 8: CD003078.
82.
DalyC.D., CampbellM.K., MacLeodA.M., CodyD.J., ValeL.D., GrantA.M.Do the Y-set and double-bag systems reduce the incidence of CAPD peritonitis? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Nephrol Dial Transplant2001; 16: 341–7.
83.
PirainoB., ShethH.Peritonitis—does peritoneal dialysis modality make a difference?Blood Purification2010; 29: 145–9.
84.
MehrotraR., ChiuY.W., Kalantar-ZadehK., VoneshE.The outcomes of continuous ambulatory and automated peritoneal dialysis are similar.Kidney Int2009; 76: 97–107.
Rodriguez-CarmonaA., Perez FontanM., Garcia FalconT., Fernandez RiveraC., ValdesF.A comparative analysis on the incidence of peritonitis and exit-site infection in CAPD and automated peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int1999; 19: 253–8.
87.
BieberS.D., BurkartJ., GolperT.A., TeitelbaumI., MehrotraR.Comparative outcomes between continuous ambulatory and automated peritoneal dialysis: a narrative review.Am J Kidney Dis2014; 63: 1027–37.
88.
AkmanS., BakkalogluS.A., EkimM., SeverL., NoyanA., AksuN.Peritonitis rates and common microorganisms in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and automated peritoneal dialysis.Pediatr Int2009; 51: 246–9.
89.
BalasubramanianG., McKittyK., FanS.L.Comparing automated peritoneal dialysis with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: survival and quality of life differences?Nephrol Dial Transplant2011; 26: 1702–8.
90.
RügerW., van IttersumF.J., ComazzettoL.F., HoeksS.E., ter WeeP.M.Similar peritonitis outcome in CAPD and APD patients with dialysis modality continuation during peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 39–47.
91.
LanP.G., JohnsonD.W., McDonaldS.P., BoudvilleN., BorlaceM., BadveS.V.The association between peritoneal dialysis modality and peritonitis.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2014; 9: 1091–7.
92.
FigueiredoA.E., BernardiniJ., BowesE., HiramatsuM., PriceV., SuC.ISPD guideline / recommendations: a syllabus for teaching peritoneal dialysis to patients and caregivers.Perit Dial Int2016. doi. 10.3747/pdi.2015.00277 (Epub ahead of print.]
BenderF.H., BernardiniJ., PirainoB.Prevention of infectious complications in peritoneal dialysis: best demonstrated practices.Kidney Int Suppl2006: 103: S44–54.
HollowayM., MujaisS., KandertM., WaradyB.A.Pediatric peritoneal dialysis training: characteristics and impact on peritonitis rates.Perit Dial Int2001; 21: 401–4.
97.
ChowK.M., SzetoC.C., LawM.C., FungJ.S., LiP.K.Influence of peritoneal dialysis training nurses’ experience on peritonitis rates.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2007; 2: 647–52.
98.
RussoR., ManiliL., TiraboschiG., AmarK., De LucaM., AlberghiniE.Patient re-training in peritoneal dialysis: why and when it is needed.Kidney Int Suppl2006; 103: S127–32.
99.
BalleriniL., ParisV.Nosogogy: when the learner is a patient with chronic kidney failure.Kid Int2006; 70: S122–6.
100.
ArndtJ.From compliance and false memory.J Exp Psych2010; 36: 66–9.
101.
BordinG., CassatiM., SicoloN., ZuccheratoN., EduatiV.Patient education in peritoneal dialysis: an observational study in Italy.J Ren Care2007; 33: 165–71.
102.
DongJ., ChenY.Impact of the bag exchange procedure on risk of peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2010; 30: 440–7.
103.
ZhangL., HawleyC.M., JohnsonD.W.Focus on peritoneal dialysis training: working to decrease peritonitis rates.Nephrol Dial Transplant2016; 31: 214–22.
104.
BernardiniJ., NagyM., PirainoB.Pattern of noncompliance with dialysis exchanges in peritoneal dialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis2000; 35: 1104–10.
105.
BernardiniJ., DackoC.A survey of home visits at peritoneal dialysis centers in the United States.Perit Dial Int1998; 18: 528–31.
106.
BernardiniJ., PirainoB.Compliance in CAPD and CCPD patients as measured by supply inventories during home visits.Am J Kidney Dis1998; 31: 101–7.
KazanciogluR., OzturkS., EkizS., YucelL., DoganS.Can using a questionnaire for assessment of home visits to peritoneal dialysis patients make a difference to the treatment outcome?J Ren Care2008; 34: 59–63.
109.
NayakK.S., SinojK.A., SubhramanyamS.V., MaryB., RaoN.V.Our experience of home visits in city and rural areas.Perit Dial Int2007; 27(Suppl 2): S27–31.
110.
EllisE.N., BlaszakC., WrightS., Van LieropA.Effectiveness of home visits to pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int2012; 32: 419–23.
111.
MawarS., GuptaS., MahajanS.Non-compliance to the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis procedure increases the risk of peritonitis.Int Urol Nephrol2012; 44: 1243–9.
ColesG.A., O'DonoghueD.J., PritchardN., OggC.S., JaniF.M., GokalR.A controlled trial of two bicarbonate-containing dialysis fluids for CAPD—final report.Nephrol Dial Transplant1998; 13: 3165–71.
114.
KimS., OhJ., KimS., ChungW., AhnC., KimS.G., OhK.H.Benefits of biocompatible PD fluid for preservation of residual renal function in incident CAPD patients: a 1-year study.Nephrol Dial Transplant2009; 24: 2899–908.
115.
BajoM.A., Pérez-LozanoM.L., Albar-VizcainoP., del PesoG., CastroM.J., Gonzalez-MateoG.Low-GDP peritoneal dialysis fluid (‘balance’) has less impact in vitro and ex vivo on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mesothelial cells than a standard fluid.Nephrol Dial Transplant2011; 26: 282–91.
116.
RippeB., SimonsenO., HeimbürgerO., ChristenssonA., HaraldssonB., StelinG.Long-term clinical effects of a peritoneal dialysis fluid with less glucose degradation products.Kidney Int2001; 59: 348–57.
117.
JohnsonD.W., BrownF.G., ClarkeM., BoudvilleN., EliasT.J., FooM.W.The effects of biocompatible compared with standard peritoneal dialysis solutions on peritonitis microbiology, treatment, and outcomes: the balANZ trial.Perit Dial Int2012; 32: 497–506.
118.
FanS.L., PileT., PunzalanS., RafteryM.J., YaqoobM.M.Randomized controlled study of biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solutions: effect on residual renal function.Kidney Int2008; 73: 200–6.
119.
SrivastavaS., HildebrandS., FanS.L.Long-term follow-up of patients randomized to biocompatible or conventional peritoneal dialysis solutions show no difference in peritonitis or technique survival.Kidney Int2011; 80: 986–91.
120.
ChoY., BadveS.V., HawleyC.M., McDonaldS.P., BrownF.G., BoudvilleN.Association of biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solutions with peritonitis risk, treatment, and outcomes.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2013; 8: 1556–63.
121.
JohnsonD.W., BrownF.G., ClarkeM., BoudvilleN., EliasT.J., FooM.W.Effects of biocompatible versus standard fluid on peritoneal dialysis outcomes.J Am Soc Nephrol2012; 23: 1097–107.
122.
ChoY., JohnsonD.W., BadveS.V., CraigJ.C., StrippoliG.F., WigginsK.J.The impact of neutral-pH peritoneal dialysates with reduced glucose degradation products on clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients.Kidney Int2013; 84: 969–79.
123.
StrippoliG.F., TongA., JohnsonD., SchenaF.P., CraigJ.C.Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.Cochrane Database Syst Rev2004; 4: CD004679.
124.
TacconelliE., CarmeliY., AizerA., FerreiraG., ForemanM.G., D'AgataE.M.Mupirocin prophylaxis to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infection in patients undergoing dialysis: a meta-analysis.Clin Infect Dis2003; 37: 1629–38.
125.
BernardiniJ., PirainoB., HolleyJ., JohnstonJ.R., LutesR.A randomized trial of Staphylococcus aureus prophylaxis in peritoneal dialysis patients: mupirocin calcium ointment 2% applied to the exit site versus cyclic oral rifampin.Am J Kidney Dis1996; 27: 695–700.
126.
ChuK.H., ChoyW.Y., CheungC.C., FungK.S., TangH.L., LeeW.A prospective study of the efficacy of local application of gentamicin versus mupirocin in the prevention of peritoneal dialysis catheter-related infections.Perit Dial Int2008; 28: 505–8.
127.
XuG., TuW., XuC.Mupirocin for preventing exit-site infection and peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.Nephrol Dial Transplant2010; 25: 587–92.
128.
LuzarM.A., BrownC.B., BalfD., HillL., IssadB., MonnierB.Exit-site care and exit-site infection in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): results of a randomized multicenter trial.Perit Dial Int1990; 10: 25–9.
129.
MahajanS., TiwariS.C., KalraV., BhowmikD.M., AgarwalS.K., DashS.C.Effect of local mupirocin application on exit-site infection and peritonitis in an Indian peritoneal dialysis population.Perit Dial Int2005; 25: 473–7.
130.
LimC.T., WongK.S., FooM.W.The impact of topical mupirocin on peritoneal dialysis infection in Singapore General Hospital.Nephrol Dial Transplant2005; 20: 2202–6.
131.
DavenportA.Do topical antibiotics reduce exit site infection rates and peritonitis episodes in peritoneal dialysis patients? The Pan Thames Renal Audit.J Nephrol2012; 25: 819–24.
132.
WongC., LukI.W., IpM., YouJ.H.Prevention of gram-positive infections in peritoneal dialysis patients in Hong Kong: a cost-effectiveness analysis.Am J Infect Control2014; 42: 412–6.
133.
AykutS., CanerC., OzkanG., AliC., TugbaA., ZeynepG.Mupirocin application at the exit site in peritoneal dialysis patients: five years of experience.Ren Fail2010; 32: 356–61.
134.
Mupirocin Study Group. Nasal mupirocin prevents Staphylococcus aureus exit-site infection during peritoneal dialysis. Mupirocin Study Group.J Am Soc Nephrol1996; 7: 2403–8.
135.
PirainoB.Mupirocin for preventing peritonitis and exit site infections in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Was it effective?Nephrol Dial Transplant2010; 25: 349–52.
136.
ChuaA.N., GoldsteinS.L., BellD., BrewerE.D.Topical mupirocin/sodium hypochlorite reduces peritonitis and exit-site infection rates in children.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2009; 4: 1939–43.
137.
LobbedeezT., GardamM., DedierH., BurdzyD., ChuM., IzattS.Routine use of mupirocin at the peritoneal catheter exit site and mupirocin resistance: still low after 7 years.Nephrol Dial Transplant2004; 19: 3140–3.
138.
Perez-FontanM., RosalesM., Rodriguez-CarmonaA., FalconT.G., ValdesF.Mupirocin resistance after long-term use for Staphylococcus aureus colonization in patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis.Am J Kidney Dis2002; 39: 337–41.
139.
AnnigeriR., ConlyJ., VasS., DedierH., PrakashanK.P., BargmanJ.M.Emergence of mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients using mupirocin prophylaxis to prevent exit-site infection.Perit Dial Int2001; 21: 554–9.
140.
Al-HwieshA.K., Abdul-RahmanI.S., Al-MuhannaF.A., Al-SulaimanM.H., Al-JondebiM.S., Divino-FilhoJ.C.Prevention of peritoneal dialysis catheter infections in Saudi peritoneal dialysis patients: the emergence of high-level mupirocin resistance.Int J Artif Organs2013; 36: 473–83.
141.
PirainoB., BernardiniJ., FlorioT., FriedL.Staphylococcus aureus prophylaxis and trends in gram-negative infections in peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int2003; 23: 456–9.
142.
MahaldarA., WeiszM., KathuriaP.Comparison of gentamicin and mupirocin in the prevention of exit-site infection and peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis.Adv Perit Dial2009; 25: 56–9.
143.
PierceD.A., WilliamsonJ.C., MauckV.S., RussellG.B., PalavecinoE., BurkartJ.M.The effect on peritoneal dialysis pathogens of changing topical antibiotic prophylaxis.Perit Dial Int2012; 32: 525–30.
144.
LoM.W., MakS.K., WongY.Y., LoK.C., ChanS.F., TongG.M.Atypical mycobacterial exit-site infection and peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients on prophylactic exit-site gentamicin cream.Perit Dial Int2013; 33: 267–72.
145.
JohnsonD.W., BadveS.V., PascoeE.M., BellerE., CassA., ClarkC.Antibacterial honey for the prevention of peritoneal-dialysis-related infections (HONEYPOT): a randomised trial.Lancet Infect Dis2014; 14: 23–30.
146.
McQuillanR.F., ChiuE., NessimS., LokC.E., RoscoeJ.M., TamP.A randomized controlled trial comparing mupirocin and polysporin triple ointments in peritoneal dialysis patients: the MP3 Study.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2012; 7: 297–303.
147.
MontenegroJ., SarachoR., AguirreR., MartinezI., IribarI., OcharanJ.Exit-site care with ciprofloxacin otologic solution prevents polyurethane catheter infection in peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int2000; 20: 209–14.
148.
ZimmermanS.W., AhrensE., JohnsonC.A., CraigW., LeggettJ., O'BrienM.Randomized controlled trial of prophylactic rifampin for peritoneal dialysis-related infections.Am J Kidney Dis1991; 18: 225–31.
149.
BloweyD.L., WaradyB.A., McFarlandK.S.The treatment of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients.Adv Perit Dial1994; 10: 297–99.
150.
FalagasM.E., FragoulisK.N., BliziotisI.A.Oral rifampin for prevention of S. aureus carriage-related infections in patients with renal failure—a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21: 2536–42.
151.
ChurchillD.N., TaylorD.W., VasS.I.Peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis.Perit Dial Int1988; 8: 125–8.
SessoR., ParisioK., DalboniA., RabeloT., BarbosaD., CendorogloM.Effect of sodium fusidate and ofloxacin on Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Clin Nephrol1994; 41: 370–6.
154.
van DiepenA.T., JassalS.V.A qualitative systematic review of the literature supporting a causal relationship between exit-site infection and subsequent peritonitis in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int2013; 33: 604–10.
155.
LloydA., TangriN., ShaferL.A., RigattoC., PerlJ., KomendaP.The risk of peritonitis after an exit site infection: a time-matched, case-control study.Nephrol Dial Transplant2013; 28: 1915–21.
156.
FriedL., BernardiniJ., JohnstonJ.R., PirainoB.Peritonitis influences mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients.J Am Soc Nephrol1996; 7: 2176–82.
157.
YipT., TseK.C., LamM.J., ChengS.W., LuiS.L., TangS.Risks and outcomes of peritonitis after flexible colonoscopy in CAPD patients.Perit Dial Int2007; 27: 560–4.
PoortvlietW., SeltenH.P., RaasveldM.H., Klemt-KroppM.CAPD peritonitis after colonoscopy: follow the guidelines.Neth J Med2010; 68: 377–8.
160.
HolleyJ.L., UdekwuA., RaultR., PirainoB.The risks of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in CAPD compared with hemodialysis patients: a study often patients.Perit Dial Int1994; 14(Suppl 1): S27–9.
161.
WuH.H., LiI.J., WengC.H., LeeC.C., ChenY.C., ChangM.Y.Prophylactic antibiotics for endoscopy-associated peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.PLOS ONE2013; 8: e71532.
162.
SingharetnamW., HolleyJ.L.Acute treatment of constipation may lead to transmural migration of bacteria resulting in gram-negative, polymicrobial, or fungal peritonitis.Perit Dial Int1996; 16: 423–5.
163.
WoodC.F., FlemingV., TunridgeJ., ThomsonN., AtkinsR.C.Campylobacter peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: report of eight cases and a review of the literature.Am J Kidney Dis1992; 19: 257–63.
ChuanY.W., ShuK.H., YuT.M., ChengC.H.Hypokalaemia: an independent risk factor of Enterobacteriaceae peritonitis in CAPD patients.Nephrol Dial Transplant2009; 24: 1603–8.
166.
SzetoC.C., KwanB.C., ChowK.M., LawM.C., PangW.F., ChungK.Y.Recurrent and relapsing peritonitis: causative organisms and response to treatment.Am J Kidney Dis2009; 54: 702–10.
167.
ShuK.H., ChangC.S., ChuangY.W., ChenC.H., ChengC.H., WuM.J.Intestinal bacterial overgrowth in CAPD patients with hypokalaemia.Nephrol Dial Transplant2009; 24: 1289–92.
168.
ChuangY.W., ShuK.H., YuT.M., ChengC.H., ChenC.H.Hypokalaemia: an independent risk factor of Enterobacteriaceae peritonitis in CAPD patients.Nephrol Dial Transplant2009; 24: 1603–8.
169.
AfsarB., ElsurerR., BilgicA., SezerS., OzdemirF.Regular lactulose use is associated with lower peritonitis rates: an observational study.Perit Dial Int2010; 30: 243–6.
170.
LiP.K., LeungC.B., LeungA.K., LukW.K., LaiK.N.Posthysteroscopy fungal peritonitis in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Am J Kidney Dis1993; 21: 446–8.
171.
CeriM., AltayM., UnverdiS., KurultakI., DuranayM.An unusual presentation of vaginal leakage in a peritoneal dialysis patient.Perit Dial Int2010; 30: 663–5.
172.
CobeloC., RosS., TrujilloC., GarciaP.An unusual case of vaginal leak in a patient on peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int2010; 30: 665–6.
173.
NeumannJ.L., MoranJ.Peritonitis due to a peritoneal vaginal fistula.Nephrol Nurs J2010; 37: 177–8.
174.
YildizN., TurhanP., BiglicO., ErguvenM., CandanC.Vaginal dialysate leak in a child on peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int2010; 30: 666–7.
175.
ShuklaA., AbreuZ., BargmanJ.M.Streptococcal PD peritonitis—a 10-year review of one centre's experience.Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21: 3545–9.
176.
LevyM., BalfeJ.W., GearyD., Fryer-KeeneS.P.Factors predisposing and contributing to peritonitis during chronic peritoneal dialysis in children: a ten-year experience.Perit Dial Int1990; 10: 263–9.
177.
PrasadN., GuptaA., SharmaR.K., SinhaA., KumarR.Impact of nutritional status on peritonitis in CAPD patients.Perit Dial Int2007; 27: 42–7.
178.
WangW., BernardiniJ., PirainoB., FriedL.Albumin at the start of peritoneal dialysis predicts the development of peritonitis.Am J Kidney Dis2003; 41: 664–9.
179.
TroidelL., WatnickS., WuerthD.B., Gorban-BrennanN., KligerA.S., FinkelsteinF.O.Depression and its association with peritonitis in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis2003; 42: 350–4.
180.
PaudelK., NamagondluG., SamadN., McKittyK., FanS.L.Lack of motivation: a new modifiable risk factor for peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis?J Ren Care2015; 41: 33–42.
BroughtonA., VergerC., GoffinE.Pets-related peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: companion animals or Trojan horses?Semin Dial2010; 23: 306–16.
183.
RudnickiM., KerschbaumJ., HausdorferJ., MayerG., KonigP.Risk factors for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: the role of oral active vitamin D.Perit Dial Int2010; 30: 541–8.
184.
KerschbaumJ., VychytilA., LhottaK., PrischlF.C., WiesholzerM., Machhold-FabriziiV.Treatment with oral active vitamin D is associated with decreased risk of peritonitis and improved survival in patients on peritoneal dialysis.PLOS ONE2013; 8: e67836.
185.
WangJ., ZhangH., LiuJ., ZhangK., YiB., LiuY.Implementation of a continuous quality improvement program reduces the occurrence of peritonitis in PD.Ren Fail2014; 36: 1029–32.
186.
QamarM., ShethH., BenderF.H., PirainoB.Clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis: impact of continuous quality improvement initiatives.Adv Perit Dial2009; 25: 76–9.
187.
PrasadK.N., PrasadN., GuptaA., SharmaR.K., VermaA.K., AyyagariA.Fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a single centre Indian experience.J Infect2004; 48: 96–101.
188.
WangA.Y., YuA.W., LiP.K., LamP.K., LeungC.B., LaiK.N.Factors predicting outcome of fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: analysis of a 9-year experience of fungal peritonitis in a single center.Am J Kidney Dis2000; 36: 1183–92.
189.
GoldieS.J., Kiernan-TroidleL., TorresC., Gorban-BrennanN., DunneD., KligerA.S.Fungal peritonitis in a large chronic peritoneal dialysis population: a report of 55 episodes.Am J Kidney Dis1996; 28: 86–91.
190.
ZarubaK., PetersJ., JungbluthH.Successful prophylaxis for fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: six years’ experience.Am J Kidney Dis1991; 17: 43–6.
191.
RobitailleP., MerouaniA., ClermontM.J., HebertE.Successful antifungal prophylaxis in chronic peritoneal dialysis: a pediatric experience.Perit Dial Int1995; 15: 77–9.
192.
LoW.K., ChanC.Y., ChengS.W., PoonJ.F., ChanD.T., ChengI.K.A prospective randomized control study of oral nystatin prophylaxis for Candida peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Am J Kidney Dis1996; 28: 549–52.
193.
WongP.N., LoK.Y., TongG.M., ChanS.F., LoM.W., MakS.K.Prevention of fungal peritonitis with nystatin prophylaxis in patients receiving CAPD.Perit Dial Int2007; 27: 531–6.
194.
ThodisE., VasS.I., BargmanJ.M., SinghalM., ChuM., OreopoulosD.G.Nystatin prophylaxis: its inability to prevent fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (see Comment).Perit Dial Int1998; 18: 583–9.
195.
WilliamsP.F., MoncrieffN., MarriottJ.No benefit in using nystatin prophylaxis against fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int2000; 20: 352–3.
196.
WadhwaN.K., SuhH., CabraldaT.Antifungal prophylaxis for secondary fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.Adv Perit Dial1996; 12: 189–91.
197.
RestrepoC., ChaconJ., ManjarresG.Fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients: successful prophylaxis with fluconazole, as demonstrated by prospective randomized control trial.Perit Dial Int2010; 30: 619–25.
198.
DavenportA., WellstedD.Does antifungal prophylaxis with daily oral fluconazole reduce the risk of fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients? The Pan Thames Renal Audit.Blood Purif2011; 32: 181–5.
199.
LopesK., RochaA., RodriguesA., CarvalhoM.J., CabritaA.Long-term peritoneal dialysis experience: quality control supports the use of fluconazole to prevent fungal peritonitis.Int J Artif Organs2013; 36: 484–8.
200.
KumarK.V., MallikarjunaH.M., Gokulnath, JayanthiS.Fungal peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: The impact of antifungal prophylaxis on patient and technique outcomes.Indian J Nephrol2014; 24: 297–301.
201.
FinkelsteinE.S., JekelJ., TroidleL., Gorban-BrennanN., FinkelsteinF.O., BiaF.J.Patterns of infection inpatients maintained on long-term peritoneal dialysis therapy with multiple episodes of peritonitis.Am J Kidney Dis2002; 39: 1278–86.
202.
PirainoB.Peritoneal dialysis catheter replacement: save the patient and not the catheter.Sem Dial2003; 16: 72–5.
AlfaM.J., DegagneP., OlsonN., HardingG.K.Improved detection of bacterial growth in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis effluent by use of BacT/Alert FAN bottles.J Clin Microbiol1997; 35: 862–6.
211.
AzapO.K., TimurkaynakF., SezerS., CağirU., YaparG., ArslanH.Value of automatized blood culture systems in the diagnosis of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis.Transplant Proc2006; 38: 411–2.
212.
SewellD.L., GolperT.A., HulmanP.B., ThomasC.M., WestL.M., KubeyW.Y.Comparison of large volume culture to other methods for isolation of microorganisms from dialysate.Perit Dial Int1990; 10: 49–52.
IyerR.N., ReddyA.K., GandeS., AiyangarA.Evaluation of different culture methods for the diagnosis of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Clin Microbiol Infect2014; 20: 0294–6.
215.
ParkS.J., LeeJ.Y., TakW.T., LeeJ.H.Using reagent strips for rapid diagnosis of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.Adv Perit Dial2005; 21: 69–71.
216.
AkmanS., UygunV., GuvenA.G.Value of the urine strip test in the early diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis.Pediatr Int2005; 47: 523–7.
217.
Nguyen-KhacE., CadranelJ.F., ThevenotT., NousbaumJ.B.Review article: The utility of reagent strips in the diagnosis of infected ascites in cirrhotic patients.Aliment Pharmacol Ther2008; 28: 282–8.
218.
YooT.H., ChangK.H., RyuD.R., KimJ.S., ChoiH.Y., ParkH.C.Usefulness of 23S rRNA amplification by PCR in the detection of bacteria in CAPD peritonitis.Am J Nephrol2006; 26: 115–20.
219.
JohnsonG., WilksM., WarwickS., MillarM.R., FanS.L.Comparative study of diagnosis of PD peritonitis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for bacterial DNA vs culture methods.J Nephrol2006; 19: 45–9.
220.
RoY., HamadaC., IoH., HayashiK., HiraharaI., TominoY.Rapid, simple, and reliable method for the diagnosis of CAPD peritonitis using the new MMP-9 test kit.J Clin Lab Anal2004; 18: 224–30.
221.
OtaK., MaruyamaH., IinoN., NakamuraG., ShimotoriM., TanabeY.Rapid detection of causative pathogen of peritonitis using in-situ hybridization in a patient with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.J Infect Chemother2007; 13: 273–5.
222.
KimS.H., JeongH.S., KimY.H., SongS.A., LeeJ.Y., OhS.H.Evaluation of DNA extraction methods and their clinical application for direct detection of causative bacteria in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis culture fluids from patients with peritonitis by using broad-range PCR.Ann Lab Med2012; 32: 119–25.
223.
ChangY.T., WangH.C., WangM.C., WuA.B., SungJ.M., SunH.S.Rapid identification of bacteria and Candida pathogens in peritoneal dialysis effluent from patients with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis by use of multilocus PCR coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.J Clin Microbiol2014; 52: 1217–9.
224.
AhmadiS.H., NeelaV., HamatR.A., GohB.L., SyafinazA.N.Rapid detection and identification of pathogens in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) associated peritonitis by 16s rRNA gene sequencing.Trop Biomed2013; 30: 602–7.
225.
LinC.Y., RobertsG.W., Kift-MorganA., DonovanK.L., TopleyN., EberlM.Pathogen-specific local immune fingerprints diagnose bacterial infection in peritoneal dialysis patients.J Am Soc Nephrol2013; 24: 2002–9.
226.
BieberS.D., AndersonA.E., MehrotraR.Diagnostic testing for peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.Semin Dial2014; 27: 602–6.
227.
BarrettiP., DolesJ.V., PinottiD.G., El DibR.Efficacy of antibiotic therapy for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: a proportional meta-analysis.BMC Infect Dis2014; 14: 445.
228.
FlaniganM.J., LimV.S.Initial treatment of dialysis associated peritonitis: A controlled trial of vancomycin versus cefazolin.Perit Dial Int1991; 11: 31–7.
229.
LupoA., RugiuC., BernichP., LaudonA., MarcantoniC., MosconiG.A prospective, randomized trial of two antibiotic regimens in the treatment of peritonitis in CAPD patients: teicoplanin plus tobramycin versus cephalothin plus tobramycin.J Antimicrob Chemother1997; 40: 729–32.
230.
KhairullahQ., ProvenzanoR., TayebJ., AhmadA., BalakrishnanR., MorrisonL.Comparison of vancomycin versus cefazolin as initial therapy for peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int2002; 22: 339–44.
231.
GucekA., BrenA.F., HergouthV., LindicJ.Cefazolin and netilmicin versus vancomycin and ceftazidime in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis.Adv Perit Dial1997; 13: 218–20.
232.
ZelenitskyS., BarnsL., FindlayI., AlfaM., ArianoR., FineA.Analysis of microbiological trends in peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis from 1991 to 1998.Am J Kidney Dis2000; 36: 1009–13.
233.
LuiS.L., ChengS.W., NgF., NgS.Y., WanK.M., YipT.Cefazolin plus netilmicin versus cefazolin plus ceftazidime for treating CAPD peritonitis: effect on residual renal function.Kidney Int2005; 68: 2375–80.
234.
WongK.M., ChanY.H., CheungC.Y., ChakW.L., ChoiK.S., LeungS.H.Cefepime versus vancomycin plus netilmicin therapy for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis.Am J Kidney Dis2001; 38: 127–31.
235.
KobayashiK., NakamotoH., OkadaS., HoshitaniK., UchidaK., ArimaH.Efficacy and safety of meropenem plus tobramycin followed by meropenem plus vancomycin for treating peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Adv Perit Dial2006; 22: 65–8.
236.
LeungC.B., SzetoC.C., ChowK.M., KwanB.C., WangA.Y., LuiS.F.Cefazolin plus ceftazidime versus imipenem/cilastatin monotherapy for treatment of CAPD peritonitis—a randomized controlled trial.Perit Dial Int2004; 24: 440–6.
237.
GoffinE., HerbietL., PouthierD., PochetJ.M., LafontaineJ.J., ChristopheJ.L.Vancomycin and ciprofloxacin: systemic antibiotic administration for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2004; 24: 433–9.
238.
LimaR.C., BarreiraA., CardosoF.L., LimaM.H., LeiteM.Jr.Ciprofloxacin and cefazolin as a combination for empirical initial therapy of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: five-year follow-up.Perit Dial Int2007; 27: 56–60.
239.
ChengI.K., FangG.X., ChauP.Y., ChanT.M., TongK.L., WongA.K.A randomized prospective comparison of oral levofloxacin plus intraperitoneal (IP) vancomycin and IP netromycin plus IP vancomycin as primary treatment of peritonitis complicating CAPD.Perit Dial Int1998; 18: 371–5.
240.
LyeW.C., LeeE.J., van der StraatenJ.Intraperitoneal vancomycin/oral pefloxacin versus intraperitoneal vancomycin/gentamicin in the treatment of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis.Perit Dial Int1993; 13(Suppl 2): S348–50.
241.
ChanM.K., ChengI.K., NgW.S.A randomized prospective trial of three different regimens of treatment of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Am J Kidney Dis1990; 15: 155–9.
242.
FuianoG., SepeV., ViscioneM., NaniE., ConteG.Effectiveness of single daily intraperitoneal administration of aztreonam and cefuroxime in the treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).Perit Dial Int1989; 9: 273–5.
243.
GerigJ.S., BoltonN.D., SwabbE.A., ScheldW.M., BoltonW.K.Effect of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis on aztreonam pharmacokinetics.Kidney Int1984; 26: 308–18.
244.
AnwarN., MerchantM., WereT., ToothA., UttleyL., GokalR.A prospective, randomized study of the comparative safety and efficacy of intraperitoneal imipenem versus vancomycin and netilmicin in the treatment of peritonitis on CAPD.Perit Dial Int1995; 15: 167–71.
245.
BakerR.J., SeniorH., ClemengerM., BrownE.A.Empirical aminoglycosides for peritonitis do not affect residual renal function.Am J Kidney Dis2003; 41: 670–5.
246.
SzetoC.C., KwanB.C., ChowK.M., ChungS., YuV., ChengP.M.Predictors of residual renal function decline in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int2015; 35: 180–8.
247.
BadveS.V., HawleyC.M., McDonaldS.P., BrownF.G., BoudvilleN.C., WigginsK.J.Use of aminoglycosides for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis does not affect residual renal function.Nephrol Dial Transplant2012; 27: 381–7.
248.
AltmannP., ButterK., CunninghamJ., DrewP., GoodwinF., MarshF.CAPD peritonitis: 10 or 21 days treatment?Kidney Int1984; 26: 544.
249.
TokgozB., SomdasM.A., UcarC., KocyigitI., UnalA., SipahiogluM.H.Correlation between hearing loss and peritonitis frequency and administration of ototoxic intraperitoneal antibiotics in patients with CAPD.Ren Fail2010; 32: 179–84.
FontánM.P., CambreH.D., Rodríguez-CarmonaA., MuñizA.L., FalcónT.G.Treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis with ciprofloxacin monotherapy: clinical outcomes and bacterial susceptibility over two decades.Perit Dial Int2009; 29: 310–8.
252.
CelikA., CiritM., TüngerA., AkçiçekF., BasçiA.Treatment of CAPD peritonitis with oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and intraperitoneal aminoglycoside combination.Perit Dial Int1999; 19: 284–5.
253.
LamM.F., TangB.S., TseK.C., ChanT.M., LaiK.N.Ampicillin-sulbactam and amikacin used as second-line antibiotics for patients with culture-negative peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2008; 28: 540–2.
254.
TosukhowongT., Eiam-OngS., ThamutokK., WittayalertpanyaS., Na AyudhyaD. P.Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal cefazolin and gentamicin in empiric therapy of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int2001; 21: 587–94.
255.
de PaepeM., LameireN., BelpaireF., BogaertM.Peritoneal pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in man.Clin Nephrol1983; 19: 107–9.
256.
LyeW.C., WongP.L., van der StraatenJ.C., LeongS.O., LeeE.J.A prospective randomized comparison of single versus multidose gentamicin in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis.Adv Perit Dial1995; 11: 179–81.
257.
NealeT.J., MalaniJ., HumbleM.Netilmicin in the treatment of clinical peritonitis in chronic renal failure patients managed by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.N Z Med J1987; 100: 374–7.
BunkeC.M., AronoffG.R., LuftF.C.Pharmacokinetics of common antibiotics used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Am J Kidney Dis1983; 3: 114–7.
260.
ManleyH.J., BailieG.R., FryeR., HessL.D., McGoldrickM.D.Pharmacokinetics of intermittent intravenous cefazolin and tobramycin in patients treated with automated peritoneal dialysis.J Am Soc Nephrol2000; 11: 1310–6.
261.
ManleyH.J., BailieG.R., AsherR.D., EiseleG., FryeR.F.Pharmacokinetics of intermittent intraperitoneal cefazolin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int1999; 19: 65–70.
262.
YuenS.K., YuenY.P., FokS.P., YongS.P., TseM.W., ChanA.Y.A novel intraperitoneal cefepime regime based on pharmacokinetic modeling to treat CAPD peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2010; 30: 660–1.
263.
LiP.K., IpM., LawM.C., SzetoC.C., LeungC.B., WongT.Y.Use of intraperitoneal cefepime as monotherapy in treatment of CAPD peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2000; 20: 232–4.
264.
LeeheyD.J., ReidR., ChanA.Y., IngT.S.Cefoperazone in the treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.Artif Organs1988; 12: 482–3.
265.
HodlerJ.E., GaleazziR.L., FreyB., RudhardtM., SeilerA.J.Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: clinical and pathophysiological implications.Eur J Clin Pharmacol1984; 26: 609–12.
266.
AlbinH.C., Demotes-MainardF.M., BouchetJ.L., VinconG.A., Martin-DupontC.Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal cefotaxime in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Clin Pharmacol Ther1985; 38: 285–9.
267.
BooranalertpaisarnV., Eiam-OngS., WittayalertpanyaS., KanjanabutrT., Na AyudhyaD.P.Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in CAPD-related peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2003; 23: 574–9.
AlbinH., RagnaudJ.M., Demotes-MainardF., VinçonG., CouzineauM., WoneC.Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal ceftriaxone in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Eur J Clin Pharmacol1986; 31: 479–83.
270.
BulgerR.J., BennettJ.V., BoenS.T.Intraperitoneal administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients with renal failure.JAMA1965; 194: 1198–1202.
271.
BierhoffM., KrutwagenE., van BommelE.F., VerburghC.A.Listeria peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis: two cases and a review of the literature.Neth J Med2011; 69: 461–4.
272.
LundeN.M., MessanaJ.M., SwartzR.D.Unusual causes of peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis with emphasis on Listeria monocytogenes.J Am Soc Nephrol1992; 3: 1092–7.
273.
AhmadM., KrishnanA., KelmanE., AllenV., BargmanJ.M.Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in a patient on peritoneal dialysis: a case report and review of the literature.Int Urol Nephrol2008; 40: 815–9.
274.
BlackwellB.G., LeggettJ.E., JohnsonC.A., ZimmermanS.W., CraigW.A.Ampicillin and sulbactam pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).Perit Dial Int1990; 10: 221–6.
275.
ZaidensteinR., WeissgartenJ., DishiV., KorenM., SobackS., GipsM.Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal piperacillin/tazobactam in patients on peritoneal dialysis with and without pseudomonas peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2000; 20: 227–31.
276.
ChengI.K., ChanC.Y., WongW.T., ChengS.W., RitchieC.W., CheungW.C.A randomized prospective comparison of oral versus intraperitoneal ciprofloxacin as the primary treatment of peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int1993; 13(Suppl 2): S351–4.
277.
ChangM.J., NamgungH., ChoiH.D., SongY.R., KimS.G., OhJ.M.Pharmacokinetics of clindamycin in the plasma and dialysate after intraperitoneal administration of clindamycin phosphoester to patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: an open-label, prospective, single-dose, two-institution study.Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol2012; 110: 504–9.
278.
HuenS.C., HallI., TopalJ., MahnensmithR.L., BrewsterU.C., Abu-AlfaA.K.Successful use of intraperitoneal daptomycin in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus peritonitis.Am J Kidney Dis2009; 54: 538–41.
279.
ChengI.K., LuiS.L., FangG.X., ChauP.Y., ChengS.W., ChiuF.H.A randomized prospective comparison of oral versus intraperitoneal ofloxacin as the primary treatment of CAPD peritonitis.Nephrology (Carlton)1997; 3: 431–5.
280.
FitzpatrickM.A., EsterlyJ.S., PostelnickM.J., SuttonS.H.Successful treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii peritoneal dialysis peritonitis with intraperitoneal polymyxin B and ampicillin-sulbactam.Ann Pharmacother2012; 46: e17.
281.
LynnW.A., ClutterbuckE., WantS., MarkidesV., LaceyS., RogersT.R.Treatment of CAPD-peritonitis due to glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium with quinupristin / dalfopristin.Lancet1994; 344: 1025–6.
282.
VlaarP.J., van HulstM., BenneC.A., JanssenW.M.Intraperitoneal compared with intravenous meropenem for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2013; 33: 708–9.
283.
LiakopoulosV., LeivaditisK., NikitidouO., DivaniM., AntoniadiG., DombrosN.Intermittent intraperitoneal dose of teicoplanin in peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2012; 32: 365–6.
284.
FishR., NipahR., JonesC., FinneyH., FanS.L.Intraperitoneal vancomycin concentrations during peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: correlation with serum levels.Perit Dial Int2012; 32: 332–8.
DahlN.V., FooteE.F., SearsonK.M., FeinJ.L., KapoianT., StewardC.A.Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal fluconazole during continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis.Ann Pharmacother1998; 32: 1284–9.
287.
RobertsD.M., KauterG., RayJ.E., GillinA.G.Intraperitoneal voriconazole in a patient with Aspergillus peritoneal dialysis peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2013; 33: 92–3.
288.
KoomanachaiP., LandersdorferC.B., ChenG., LeeH.J., JitmuangA., WasuwattakulS.Pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate and formed colistin in end-stage renal disease patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Antimicrob Agents Chemother2014; 58: 440–6.
289.
CardoneK.E., GrabeD.W., KulawyR.W., DaouiR., RoglieriJ., MeolaS.Ertapenem pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Antimicrob Agents Chemother2012; 56: 725–30.
290.
DePestelD.D., PeloquinC.A., CarverP.L.Peritoneal dialysis fluid concentrations of linezolid in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium peritonitis.Pharmacotherapy2003; 23: 1322–6.
291.
SongI.J., SeoJ.W., KwonY.E., KimY.L., LimT.S., KangE.W.Successful treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus peritonitis using linezolid without catheter removal in a peritoneal dialysis patient.Perit Dial Int2014; 34: 235–9.
292.
YangJ.W., KimY.S., ChoiS.O., HanB.G.Successful use of intravenous linezolid in CAPD patient with vancomycin-resistant enterococcal peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 209–10.
293.
SkaliotiC., TsaganosT., StamatiadisD., Giamarellos-BourboulisE.J., BoletisJ., KanellakopoulouK.Pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int2009; 29: 575–9.
294.
ZimmermanS.W., AhrensE., JohnsonC.A., CraigW., LeggettJ., O'BrienM.Randomized controlled trial of prophylactic rifampin for peritoneal dialysis-related infections.Am J Kidney Dis1991; 18: 225–31.
295.
BloweyD.L., WaradyB.A., McFarlandK.S.The treatment of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients.Adv Perit Dial1994; 10: 297–9.
296.
WongP.N., LoK.Y., TongG.M., ChanS.F., LoM.W., MakS.K.Treatment of fungal peritonitis with a combination of intravenous amphotericin B and oral flucytosine, and delayed catheter replacement in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int2008; 28: 155–62.
FourtounasC., MarangosM., KalliakmaniP., SavidakiE., GoumenosD.S., VlachojannisJ.G.Treatment of peritoneal dialysis related fungal peritonitis with caspofungin plus amphotericin B combination therapy.Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21: 236–7.
299.
ChanT.M., ChanC.Y., ChengS.W., LoW.K., LoC.Y., ChengI.K.Treatment of fungal peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with oral fluconazole: a series of 21 patients.Nephrol Dial Transplant1994; 9: 539–42.
300.
SedlacekM., CotterJ.G., SuriawinataA.A., KanekoT.M., ZuckermanR.A., ParsonnetJ.Mucormycosis peritonitis: more than 2 years of disease-free follow-up after posaconazole salvage therapy after failure of liposomal amphotericin B.Am J Kidney Dis2008; 51: 302–6.
301.
GhebremedhinB., BluemelA., NeumannK.H., KoenigB., KoenigW.Peritonitis due to Neosartorya pseudofischeri in an elderly patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis successfully treated with voriconazole.J Med Microbiol2009; 58: 678–82.
302.
UlusoyS., OzkanG., TosunI., KaynarK., KöksalI., TürkyilmazS.Peritonitis due to Aspergillus nidulans and its effective treatment with voriconazole: the first case report.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 212–3.
303.
TeradaM., OhkiE., YamagishiY., NishiyamaY., SatohK., UchidaK.Fungal peritonitis associated with Curvularia geniculata and Pithomyces species in a patient with vulvar cancer who was successfully treated with oral voriconazole.J Antibiot (Tokyo)2014; 67: 191–3.
304.
BlundenM., ZeitlinD., AshmanN., FanS.L.Single UK centre experience on the treatment of PD peritonitis–antibiotic levels and outcomes.Nephrol Dial Transplant2007; 22: 1714–9.
305.
Bennett-JonesD., WassV., MawsonP.A comparison of intraperitoneal and intravenous/oral antibiotics in CAPD peritonitis.Perit Dial Int1987; 7: 31–3.
306.
BoyceN.W., WoodC., ThomsonN.M., KerrP., AtkinsR.C.Intraperitoneal (IP) vancomycin therapy for CAPD peritonitis—a prospective, randomized comparison of intermittent v continuous therapy.Am J Kidney Dis1988; 12: 304–6.
307.
LowC.L., BailieG.R., EvansA., EiseleG., VeneziaR.A.Pharmacokinetics of once-daily IP gentamicin in CAPD patients.Perit Dial Int1996; 16: 379–84.
308.
LowC.L., GopalakrishnaK., LyeW.C.Pharmacokinetics of once daily intraperitoneal cefazolin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.J Am Soc Nephrol2000; 11: 1117–21.
SchaeferF., KlausG., Muller-WiefelD.E., MehlsO.Intermittent versus continuous intraperitoneal glycopeptide/ceftazidime treatment in children with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. The Mid-European Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group (MEPPS).J Am Soc Nephrol1999; 10: 136–45.
312.
StevensonS., TangW., ChoY., MudgeD.W., HawleyC.M., BadveS.V., JohnsonD.W.The role of monitoring vancomycin levels in patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2015; 35: 222–8.
313.
MulhernJ.G., BradenG.L., O'SheaM.H., MaddenR.L., LipkowitzG.S., GermainM.J.Trough serum vancomycin levels predict the relapse of Gram-positive peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis1995; 25: 611–5.
314.
JohnsonD.W.Do antibiotic levels need to be followed in treating peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis?Semin Dial2011; 24: 445–6.
315.
VargheseJ.M., RobertsJ.A., WallisS.C., BootsR.J., HealyH., FassettR.G.Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal gentamicin in peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis (GIPD study).Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2012; 7: 1249–56.
316.
LyeW.C., van der StraatenJ.C., LeongS.O., SivaramanP., TanS.H., TanC.C.Once-daily intraperitoneal gentamicin is effective therapy for Gram-negative CAPD peritonitis.Perit Dial Int1999; 19: 357–60.
317.
TangW., ChoY., HawleyC.M., BadveS.V., JohnsonD.W.The role of monitoring gentamicin levels in patients with Gram-negative peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2014; 34: 219–26.
318.
GendehB.S., SaidH., GibbA.G., AzizN.S., ZahirZ.M.Gentamicin administration via peritoneal dialysis fluid: the risk of ototoxicity.J Laryngol Otol1991; 105: 999–1001.
319.
van der HulstR.J., BoeschotenE.W., NielsenF.W., StruijkD.G., DreschlerW.D., TangeR.A.Ototoxicity monitoring with ultra-high frequency audiometry in peritoneal dialysis patients treated with vancomycin or gentamicin.ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec1991; 53: 19–22.
CardoneK.E., GrabeD.W., ZasowskiE.J., LodiseT.P.Reevaluation of ceftazidime dosing recommendations in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Antimicrob Agents Chemother2014; 58: 19–26.
323.
YeungS.M., WalkerS.E., TailorS.A., AwdishuL., TobeS., YassaT.Pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin in continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int2004; 24: 447–53.
324.
KaysM.B., OverholserB.R., MuellerB.A., MoeS.M., SowinskiK.M.Effects of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium acetate on the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin.Am J Kidney Dis2003; 42: 1253–9.
325.
HowP.P., FischerJ.H., ArrudaJ.A., LauA.H.Effects of lanthanum carbonate on the absorption and oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2007; 2: 1235–40.
326.
de VinF., RutherfordP., FaictD.Intraperitoneal administration of drugs in peritoneal dialysis patients: a review of compatibility and guidance for clinical use.Perit Dial Int2009; 29: 5–15.
327.
DooleyD.P., TylerJ.R., WorthamW.G., HarrisonL.S., StarnesW.F.Jr., CollinsG.R.Prolonged stability of antimicrobial activity in peritoneal dialysis solutions.Perit Dial Int2003; 23: 58–62.
328.
WilliamsonJ.C., VollesD.F., LynchP.L., RogersP.D., HaverstickD.M.Stability of cefepime in peritoneal dialysis solution.Ann Pharmacother1999; 33: 906–9.
329.
TobudicS., PoepplW., KratzerC., VychytilA., BurgmannH.Comparative in vitro antimicrobial activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin and ceftobiprole in four different peritoneal dialysis fluids.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis2012; 31: 1327–34.
330.
RobertsD.M., FernandoG., SingerR.F., KennedyK.J., LawrenceM., TalaulikarG.Antibiotic stability in commercial peritoneal dialysis solutions: influence of formulation, storage and duration.Nephrol Dial Transplant2011; 26: 3344–9.
331.
KussmannM., SchusterL., ZeitlingerM., PichlerP., ReznicekG., WiesholzerM.The influence of different peritoneal dialysis fluids on the in vitro activity of ampicillin, daptomycin, and linezolid against Enterococcus faecalis.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis2015; 34: 2257–63.
332.
RobiyantoR., ZaidiS.T., ShastriM.D., CastelinoR.L., WanandyT., JoseM.D.Stability of tigecycline in different types of peritoneal dialysis solutions.Perit Dial Int2016; 36(4): 410–14.
333.
VogesM., FaictD., LechienG., TaminneM.Stability of drug additives in peritoneal dialysis solutions in a new container.Perit Dial Int2004; 24: 590–5.
334.
RanganathanD., NaickerS., WallisS.C., LipmanJ., RatnajeeS.K., RobertsJ.A.Stability of antibiotics for intraperitoneal administration in extraneal 7.5% icodextrin peritoneal dialysis bags (STAB Study).Perit Dial Int2016; 36(4): 421–26.
335.
de MoraesT.P., OlandoskiM., CaramoriJ.C., MartinL.C., FernandesN., Divino-FilhoJ.C.Novel predictors of peritonitis-related outcomes in the BRAZPD cohort.Perit Dial Int2014; 34: 179–87.
336.
EjlersenE., BrandiL., LokkegaardH., LadefogedJ., KoppR., HaarhP.Is initial (24 hours) lavage necessary in treatment of CAPD peritonitis?Perit Dial Int1991; 11: 38–42.
337.
DemoulinN., GoffinE.Intraperitoneal urokinase and oral rifampicin for persisting asymptomatic dialysate infection following acute coagulase-negative Staphylococcus peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2009; 29: 548–53.
338.
TongM.K., LeungK.T., SiuY.P., LeeK.F., LeeH.K., YungC.Y.Use of intraperitoneal urokinase for resistant bacterial peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.J Nephrol2005; 18: 204–8.
339.
GadallahM.F., TamayoA., SandbornM., RamdeenG., MolesK.Role of intraperitoneal urokinase in acute peritonitis and prevention of catheter loss in peritoneal dialysis patients.Adv Perit Dial2000; 16: 233–6.
340.
InnesA., BurdenR.P., FinchR.G., MorganA.G.Treatment of resistant peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with intraperitoneal urokinase: a double-blind clinical trial.Nephrol Dial Transplant1994; 9: 797–9.
341.
WilliamsA.J., BoletisI., JohnsonB.F., RafteryA.T., CohenG.L., MoorheadP.J.Tenckhoff catheter replacement or intraperitoneal urokinase: a randomised trial in the management of recurrent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis.Perit Dial Int1989; 9: 65–7.
342.
ChowK.M., SzetoC.C., KwanB.C., PangW.F., MaT., LeungC.B.Randomized controlled study of icodextrin on the treatment of peritoneal dialysis patients during acute peritonitis.Nephrol Dial Transplant2014; 29: 1438–43.
343.
ChowK.M., SzetoC.C., CheungK.K., LeungC.B., WongS.S., LawM.C.Predictive value of dialysate cell counts in peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2006; 1: 768–73.
344.
ChoiP., NematiE., BanerjeeA., PrestonE., LevyJ., BrownE.Peritoneal dialysis catheter removal for acute peritonitis: a retrospective analysis of factors associated with catheter removal and prolonged postoperative hospitalization.Am J Kidney Dis2004; 43: 103–11.
345.
BurkeM., HawleyC.M., BadveS.V., McDonaldS.P., BrownF.G., BoudvilleN.Relapsing and recurrent peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: a multicenter registry study.Am J Kidney Dis2011; 58: 429–36.
346.
SzetoC.C., KwanB.C., ChowK.M., LawM.C., PangW.F., LeungC.B.Repeat peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: retrospective review of 181 consecutive cases.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2011; 6: 827–33.
LaneJ.C., WaradyB.A., FenebergR., MajkowskiN.L., WatsonA.R., FischbachM.Relapsing peritonitis in children who undergo chronic peritoneal dialysis: a prospective study of the international pediatric peritonitis registry.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2010; 5: 1041–46.
349.
SzetoC.C., LaiK.B., KwanB.C., ChowK.M., LeungC.B., LawM.C.Bacteria-derived DNA fragment in peritoneal dialysis effluent as a predictor of relapsing peritonitis.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2013; 8: 1935–41.
350.
FanS., LaneC., PunzalanS.Correlation of periscreen strip results and white cell count in peritoneal dialysis peritonitis.J Ren Care2010; 36: 90–5.
351.
SzetoC.C., KwanB.C., ChowK.M., LauM.F., LawM.C., ChungK.Y.Coagulase negative staphylococcal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients: review of 232 consecutive cases.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2008; 3: 91–7.
352.
CamargoC.H., Cunha MdeL., CaramoriJ.C., MondelliA.L., MontelliA.C., BarrettiP.Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus: a review of 115 cases in a Brazilian center.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2014; 9: 1074–81.
353.
FahimM., HawleyC.M., McDonaldS.P., BrownF.G., RosmanJ.B., WigginsK.J.Coagulase-negative staphylococcal peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients: predictors, treatment and outcomes in 936 cases.Nephrol Dial Transplant2010; 25: 3386–92.
KittererD., LatusJ., PöhlmannC., AlscherM.D., KimmelM.Microbiological surveillance of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis: antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of a referral center in Germany over 32 years.PLOS ONE2015; 10: e0135969.
356.
EdeyM., HawleyC.M., McDonaldS.P., BrownF.G., RosmanJ.B., WigginsK.J.Enterococcal peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients: predictors, treatment and outcomes in 116 cases.Nephrol Dial Transplant2010; 25: 1272–8.
357.
YipT., TseK.C., NgF., HungI., LamM.F., TangS.Clinical course and outcomes of single-organism Enterococcus peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 522–8.
358.
Pérez-FontánM., Rodríguez-CarmonaA., Rodríguez-MayoM.Enterococcal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients: last name matters.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 513–7.
359.
SutherlandS.M.1, AlexanderS.R., FenebergR., SchaeferF., WaradyB.A.Enterococcal peritonitis in children receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis.Nephrol Dial Transplant2010; 25: 4048–54.
360.
AriasC.A., MurrayB.E.Emergence and management of drug-resistant enterococcal infections.Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther2008; 6: 637–55.
361.
TroidleL., KligerA.S., Gorban-BrennanN., FikrigM., GoldenM., FinkelsteinF.O.Nine episodes of CPD-associated peritonitis with vancomycin resistant enterococci.Kidney Int1996; 50: 1368–72.
GilmoreJ.F.1, KimM., LaSalviaM.T., MahoneyM.V.Treatment of enterococcal peritonitis with intraperitoneal daptomycin in a vancomycin-allergic patient and a review of the literature.Perit Dial Int2013; 33: 353–7.
364.
KhadzhynovD., JoukhadarC., PetersH.Plasma and peritoneal dialysate levels during daptomycin therapy for peritonitis.Am J Kidney Dis2009; 53: 911–2.
365.
BahteS.K., BertramA., BurkhardtO., Martens-LobenhofferJ., GoedeckeV., Bode-BögerS.M.Therapeutic serum concentrations of daptomycin after intraperitoneal administration in a patient with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis.J Antimicrob Chemother2010; 65: 1312–4.
SzetoC.C., ChowK.M., LeungC.B., WongT.Y., WuA.K., WangA.Y.Clinical course of peritonitis due to Pseudomonas species complicating peritoneal dialysis: a review of 104 cases.Kidney Int2001; 59: 2309–15.
377.
SivaB., HawleyC.M., McDonaldS.P., BrownF.G., RosmanJ.B., WigginsK.J.Pseudomonas peritonitis in Australia: predictors, treatment, and outcomes in 191 cases.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2009; 4: 957–64.
378.
SepandjF., CeriH., GibbA., ReadR., OlsonM.Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) versus minimum biofilm eliminating concentration (MBEC) in evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity of gram-negative bacilli causing peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2004; 24: 65–7.
379.
JarvisE.M., HawleyC.M., McDonaldS.P., BrownF.G., RosmanJ.B., WigginsK.J.Predictors, treatment, and outcomes of non-Pseudomonas gram-negative peritonitis.Kidney Int2010; 78: 408–14.
380.
Valdes-SotomayorJ., CirugedaA., BajoM.A., del PesoG., EscuderoE., Sánchez-TomeroJ.A.Increased severity of Escherichia coli peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients independent of changes in in vitroantimicrobial susceptibility testing.Perit Dial Int2003; 23: 450–5.
381.
PrasadN., GuptaA., SharmaR.K., PrasadK.N., GulatiS., SharmaA.P.Outcome of gram-positive and gram-negative peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a single center experience.Perit Dial Int2003; 23(Suppl 2): S144–7.
382.
SzetoC.C., ChowV.C., ChowK.M., LaiR.W., ChungK.Y., LeungC.B.Enterobacteriaceae peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis: a review of 210 consecutive cases.Kidney Int2006; 69: 1245–52.
383.
ZurowskaA., FenebergR., WaradyB.A., ZimmeringM., MonteverdeM., TestaS.Gram-negative peritonitis in children undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis.Am J Kidney Dis2008; 51: 455–62.
384.
LinW.H., TsengC.C., WuA.B., YangD.C., ChengS.W., WangM.C.Clinical and microbiological characteristics of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in southern Taiwan.J Microbiol Immunol Infect2015; 48: 276–83.
385.
WongS.S., HoP.L., YuenK.Y.Evolution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and their relevance to dialysis-related infections.Perit Dial Int2007; 27(Suppl 2): S272–80.
386.
FengX., YangX., YiC., GuoQ., MaoH., JiangZ.Escherichia coli peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and clinical outcomes in a South China dialysis center.Perit Dial Int2014; 34: 308–16.
387.
ZhangW., WuY.G., QiX.M., DaiH., LuW., ZhaoM.Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis with Acinetobacter baumannii: a review of seven cases.Perit Dial Int2014; 34: 317–21.
TzanetouK., TriantaphillisG., TsoutsosD., PetropoulouD., GanterisG., Malamou-LadaE.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia peritonitis in CAPD patients: susceptibility of antibiotics and treatment outcome: a report of five cases.Perit Dial Int2004; 24: 401–4.
390.
HarwellC.M., NewmanL.N., CachoC.P., MulliganD.C., SchulakJ.A., FriedlanderM.A.Abdominal catastrophe: visceral injury as a cause of peritonitis in patients treated by peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int1997; 17: 586–94.
391.
FaberM.D., YeeJ.Diagnosis and management of enteric disease and abdominal catastrophe in peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis.Adv Chronic Kidney Dis2006; 13: 271–9.
392.
SzetoC.C., ChowK.M., WongT.Y., LeungC.B., LiP.K.Conservative management of polymicrobial peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis—a series of 140 consecutive cases.Am J Med2002; 113: 728–33.
393.
BarracloughK., HawleyC.M., McDonaldS.P., BrownF.G., RosmanJ.B., WigginsK.J.Polymicrobial peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients in Australia: predictors, treatment, and outcomes.Am J Kidney Dis2010; 55: 121–31.
MilesR., HawleyC.M., McDonaldS.P., BrownF.G., RosmanJ.B., WigginsK.J.Predictors and outcomes of fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.Kidney Int2009; 76: 622–8.
398.
Matuszkiewicz-RowinskaJ.Update on fungal peritonitis and its treatment.Perit Dial Int2009; 29(Suppl 2): S161–5.
399.
Nadeau-FredetteA.C., BargmanJ.M.Characteristics and outcomes of fungal peritonitis in a modern North American cohort.Perit Dial Int2015; 35: 78–84.
400.
BasturkT., KocY., UnsalA., AhbapE., SakaciT., YildizI.Fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: a 10-year retrospective analysis in a single center.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci2012; 16: 1696–1700.
401.
CervelliM.J.The Renal Drug Reference Guide.Adelaide: Kidney Health Australia; 2007.
402.
AndesD., PascualA., MarchettiO.Antifungal therapeutic drug monitoring: established and emerging indications.Antimicrob Agents Chemother2009; 53: 24–34.
403.
LevalloisJ., Nadeau-FredetteA.C., LabbéA.C., LaverdièreM., OuimetD., ValléeM.Ten-year experience with fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients: antifungal susceptibility patterns in a North-American center.Int J Infect Dis2012; 16: e41–3.
404.
ChangT.I., KimH.W., ParkJ.T., LeeD.H., LeeJ.H., YooT.H.Early catheter removal improves patient survival in peritoneal dialysis patients with fungal peritonitis: results of ninety-four episodes of fungal peritonitis at a single center.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 60–6.
405.
LyeW.C.Rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculous peritonitis in two continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients, using DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction.Adv Perit Dial2002; 18: 154–7.
406.
ChowK.M., ChowV.C., HungL.C., WongS.M., SzetoC.C.Tuberculous peritonitis-associated mortality is high among patients waiting for the results of mycobacterial cultures of ascitic fluid samples.Clin Infect Dis2002; 35: 409–13.
407.
AhnC., OhK.H., KimK., LeeK.Y., LeeJ.G., OhM.D.Effect of peritoneal dialysis on plasma and peritoneal fluid concentrations of isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampin.Perit Dial Int2003; 23: 362–7.
408.
AbrahamG., MathewsM., SekarL., SrikanthA., SekarU., SoundarajanP.Tuberculous peritonitis in a cohort of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int2001; 21(Suppl 3): S202–4.
409.
GuptaN., PrakashK.C.Asymptomatic tuberculous peritonitis in a CAPD patient.Perit Dial Int2001; 21: 416–7.
410.
LuiS.L., TangS., LiF.K., ChoyB.Y., ChanT.M., LoW.K.Tuberculosis infection in Chinese patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Am J Kidney Dis2001; 38: 1055–60.
BhowmikD., MahajanS., BoraM.Concerns regarding the ISPD guidelines / recommendations for peritonitis due to mycobacteria.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 363–4.
415.
RamR., SwarnalathaG., AkpolatT., DakshinamurtyK.V.Mycobacterium tuberculous peritonitis in CAPD patients: a report of 11 patients and review of literature.Int Urol Nephrol2013; 45: 1129–35.
416.
HarroC., BradenG.L., MorrisA.B., LipkowitzG.S., MaddenR.L.Failure to cure Mycobacterium gordonae peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Clin Infect Dis1997; 24: 955–7.
JiangS.H., RobertsD.M., DawsonA.H., JardineM.Mycobacterium fortuitum as a cause of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: case report and review of the literature.BMC Nephrol2012; 13: 35.
420.
SongY., WuJ., YanH., ChenJ.Peritoneal dialysis-associated nontuberculous mycobacterium peritonitis: a systematic review of reported cases.Nephrol Dial Transplant2012; 27: 1639–44.
421.
RenaudC.J., SubramanianS., TambyahP.A., LeeE.J.The clinical course of rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterial peritoneal dialysis infections in Asians: a case series and literature review.Nephrology (Carlton)2011; 16: 174–9.
SzetoC.C., ChowK.M., WongT.Y., LeungC.B., WangA.Y., LuiS.F.Feasibility of resuming peritoneal dialysis after severe peritonitis and Tenckhoff catheter removal.J Am Soc Nephrol2002; 13: 1040–5.
424.
TroidleL., Gorban-BrennanN., FinkelsteinF.O.Outcome of patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis undergoing peritoneal catheter removal because of peritonitis.Adv Perit Dial2005; 21: 98–101.
425.
RamR., SwarnalathaG., DakshinamurtyK.V.Reinitiation of peritoneal dialysis after catheter removal for refractory peritonitis.J Nephrol2014; 27: 445–9.
426.
ChoY., BadveS.V., HawleyC.M., McDonaldS.P., BrownF.G., BoudvilleN.Peritoneal dialysis outcomes after temporary haemodialysis transfer for peritonitis.Nephrol Dial Transplant2014; 29: 1940–7.
427.
SzetoC.C., KwanB.C., ChowK.M., PangW.F., KwongV.W., LeungC.B.Persistent symptomatic intra-abdominal collection after catheter removal for PD-related peritonitis.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 34–8.
428.
RanganathanD., VargheseJ.M., FassettR.G., LipmanJ., D'IntiniV., HealyH.Optimising intraperitoneal gentamicin dosing in peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis (GIPD) study.BMC Nephrol2009; 10: 42.