Designing a routing protocol for opportunistic networks (OppNets) is a challenging task due to node’s mobility and the lack of further knowledge about the network topology and the presence or not of an end-to-end path. This paper proposes an energy efficient routing protocol called Distance and Encounter based Energy-Efficient Protocol (DEEP), in which the selection of the best next hop forwarder for a message relies on the node’s energy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms E-Prophet, E-PRoWait and E-EDR, our energy-aware implementations of the Probabilistic Routing Protocol using History of Encounters and Transitivity (so-called Prophet), Probability-based controlled flooding in opportunistic networks (so-called PRoWait), and Encounter and Distance based Routing (so-called EDR) routing protocol, in terms of node’s residual energy, number of dead nodes, message delivery probability, and message latency.
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