The sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers which have been used in clinical practice for diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are low, it is essential to develop novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PTC.
OBJECTIVE:
To explore the expressions of miR-940, miR-15a, miR-16 and IL-23 in PTC tissues and plasma and their associations with the clinical characteristics of PTC.
METHODS:
We investigated the expressions of miR-940, miR-15a, miR-16 and IL-23 in plasma and thyroid tissues of PTC, nodular goiter and healthy people with qRT-PCR, and further analyzed the associations between their levels and the clinical characteristics of PTC.
RESULTS:
Level of IL-23 expression was higher while levels of miR-940, miR-15a and miR-16 expression in the PTC tissues were lower compared with the nodular goiter tissues and perineoplastic thyroid tissues. And the levels of miR-940, miR-15a, miR-16 and IL-23 expression in the PTC tissues were associated with some clinical characteristics of PTC, including bilateral tumor, multicentricity, extrallyroidal invasion, cervical lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and clinical advanced stages (III/IV).
CONCLUSIONS:
Expressions of miR-940, miR-15a, miR-16 and IL-23 in PTC tissues might be useful biomarkers and promising targets in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
PillaiS., GopalanV., SmithR.A. and LamA.K., Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma - an update of its clinicopathological features and molecular biology, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol94 (2015), 64-73.
2.
GoldfarbM. and CasillasJ., Unmet information and support needs in newly diagnosed thyroid cancer: comparison of adolescents/young adults (AYA) and older patients, J Cancer Surviv8 (2014), 394-401.
3.
DonatiniG., CastagnetM., DesurmontT., RudolphN., OthmanD. and KraimpsJ.L., Partial thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: Is completion total thyroidectomy indicated? World J Surg40 (2016), 510-515.
4.
LeeY.S., LimH., ChangH.S. and ParkC.S., Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas are different from latent papillary thyroid carcinomas at autopsy, J Korean Med Sci29 (2014), 676-679.
ZhuW., ZhongM. and AiZ., Systematic evaluation of prophylactic neck dissection for the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma, Jpn J Clin Oncol43 (2013), 883-888.
7.
MourãoG.F., RosarioP.W. and CalsolariM.R., Low postoperative nonstimulated thyro-globulin as a criterion to spare radioiodine ablation, Endocr Relat Cancer23 (2016), 47-52.
8.
RosarioP.W., Furtado MdeS., MourãoG.F. and CalsolariM.R., Patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma at intermediate risk of recurrence according to american thyroid association criteria can be reclassified as low risk when the postoperative thyroglobulin is low, Thyroid25 (2015), 1243-1248.
9.
TangW., HuangC., TangC., XuJ. and WangH., Galectin-3 may serve as a potential marker for diagnosis and prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis, Onco Targets Ther9 (2016), 455-460.
10.
LiuZ., YuP., XiongY., ZengW., LiX., MaiaitiY., WangS., SongH., ShiL., LiuC., ChengB., ZhangB., MingJ., DongF., GeH., NieX. and HuangT., Significance of CK19, TPO, and HBME-1 expression for diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma, Int J Clin Exp Med8 (2015), 4369-4374.
11.
MansooriB., MohammadiA., ShirjangS. and BaradaranB., Micro-RNAs: The new potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and cancer therapy, Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)61 (2015), 1-10.
12.
JuanchichA., BardouP., RuéO., GabillardJ.C., GaspinC., BobeJ. and GuiguenY., Characterization of an extensive rainbow trout miRNA transcriptome by next generation sequencing, BMC Genomics17 (2016), 164.
13.
MangoliniA., FerracinM., ZanziM.V., SaccentiE., EbnaofS.O., PomaV.V., SanzJ.M., PassaroA., PedrialiM., FrassoldatiA., QuerzoliP., SabbioniS., CarcoforoP., HollingsworthA. and NegriniM., Diagnostic and prognostic microRNAs in the serum of breast cancer patients measured by droplet digital PCR, Biomark Res3 (2015), 12.
14.
LiuH., LiW., ChenC., PeiY. and LongX., MiR-335 acts as a potential tumor suppressor miRNA via downregulating ROCK1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, Tumour Biol36 (2015), 6313-6319.
15.
RajendiranS., ParwaniA.V., HareR.J., DasguptaS., RobyR.K. and VishwanathaJ.K., MicroRNA-940 suppresses prostate cancer migration and invasion by regulating MIEN1, Mol Cancer13 (2014), 250.
16.
SongB., ZhangC., LiG., JinG. and LiuC., MiR-940 inhibited pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth by targeting MyD88, Cell Physiol Biochem35 (2015), 1167-1177.
17.
WangQ., ShiS., HeW., PadillaM.T., ZhangL., WangX., ZhangB. and LinY., Retaining MKP1 expression and attenuating JNK-mediated apoptosis by RIP1 for cisplatin resistance through miR-940 inhibition, Oncotarget5 (2014), 1304-1314.
18.
HassanT., SmithS.G., GaughanK., OglesbyI.K., O'NeillS., McElvaneyN.G. and GreeneC.M., Isolation and identification of cell-specific microRNAs targeting a messenger RNA using a biotinylated anti-sense oligonucleotide capture affinity technique, Nucleic Acids Res41 (2013), e71.
19.
LiuX., KwongA., SihoeA. and ChuK.M., Plasma miR-940 may serve as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer, Tumour Biol37 (2016), 3589-3597.
20.
MaJ., SunF., LiC., ZhangY., XiaoW., LiZ., PanQ., ZengH., XiaoG., YaoK., HongA. and AnJ., Depletion of intermediate filament protein Nestin, a target of microRNA-940, suppresses tumorigenesis by inducing spontaneous DNA damage accumulation in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Cell Death Dis14 (2014), e1377.
21.
CalinG.A., DumitruC.D., ShimizuM., BichiR., ZupoS., NochE., AldlerH., RattanS., KeatingM., RaiK., RassentiL., KippsT., NegriniM., BullrichF. and CroceC.M., Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro-RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A99 (2002), 15524-15529.
22.
CimminoA., CalinG.A., FabbriM., IorioM.V., FerracinM., ShimizuM., WojcikS.E., AqeilanR.I., ZupoS., DonoM., RassentiL., AlderH., VoliniaS., LiuC.G., KippsT.J., NegriniM. and CroceC.M., miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A102 (2005), 13944-13949.
23.
CaiC.K., ZhaoG.Y., TianL.Y., LiuL., YanK., MaY.L., JiZ.W., LiX.X., HanK., GaoJ., QiuX.C., FanQ.Y., YangT.T. and MaB.A., miR-15a and miR-16-1 downregulate CCND1 and induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in osteosarcoma, Oncol Rep28 (2012), 1764-1770.
24.
HartM., NolteE., WachS., SzczyrbaJ., TaubertH., RauT.T., HartmannA., GrässerF.A. and WullichB., Comparative microRNA profiling of prostate carcinomas with increasing tumor stage by deep sequencing, Mol Cancer Res12 (2014), 250-263.
25.
DinizM.G., GomesC.C., de CastroW.H., GuimarãesA.L., De PaulaA.M., AmmH., RenC., MacDougallM. and GomezR.S., miR-15a/16-1 influences BCL2 expression in keratocystic odontogenic tumors, Cell Oncol (Dordr)35 (2012), 285-291.
26.
LuoQ., LiX., LiJ., KongX., ZhangJ., ChenL., HuangY. and FangL., MiR-15a is under-expressed and inhibits the cell cycle by targeting CCNE1 in breast cancer, Int J Oncol43 (2013), 1212-1218.
27.
LiuX., HeM., HouY., LiangB., ZhaoL., MaS., YuY. and LiuX., Expression profiles of microRNAs and their target genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma, Oncol Rep29 (2013), 1415-1420.
28.
WangF., JiangC., SunQ., YanF., WangL., FuZ., LiuT. and HuF., miR-195 is a key regulator of Raf1 in thyroid cancer, Onco Targets Ther8 (2015), 3021-3028.
29.
ChenD., LiW., LiuS., SuY., HanG., XuC., LiuH., ZhengT., ZhouY. and MaoC., Interleukin-23 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oesophageal carcinoma cells via the Wnt/β -catenin pathway, Sci Rep5 (2015), 8604.
30.
KleinA., SchwartzH., Sagi-AssifO., MeshelT., IzraelyS., Ben MenachemS., BengaievR., Ben-ShmuelA., NahmiasC., CouraudP.O., WitzI.P. and ErezN., Astrocytes facilitate melanoma brain metastasis via secretion of IL-23, J Pathol236 (2015), 116-127.
31.
LiJ., LauG., ChenL., YuanY.F., HuangJ., LukJ.M., XieD. and GuanX.Y., Interleukin 23 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via NF-kappa B induced matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression, PLoS One7 (2012), e46264.
32.
SuzukiH., OgawaH., MiuraK., HanedaS., WatanabeK., OhnumaS., SasakiH., SaseT., KimuraS., KajiwaraT., KomuraT., ToshimaM., MatsudaY., ShibataC. and SasakiI., IL-23 directly enhances the proliferative and invasive activities of colorectal carcinoma, Oncol Lett4 (2012), 199-204.
33.
MeiZ., ChenS., ChenC., XiaoB., LiF., WangY. and TaoZ., Interleukin-23 facilitates thyroid cancer cell migration and invasion by inhibiting SOCS4 expression viaMicroRNA-25, PLoS One10 (2015), e0139456.
34.
HarquailJ., BenzinaS. and RobichaudG.A., MicroRNAs and breast cancer malignancy: an overview of miRNA-regulated cancer processes leading to metastasis, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev11 (2012), 269-280.
35.
WangH., TanG., DongL., ChengL., LiK., WangZ. and LuoH., Circulating miR-125B as a marker predicting chemoresistance in breast cancer, PLoS One7 (2012), e34210.
36.
KleinU., LiaM., CrespoM., SiegelR., ShenQ., MoT., Ambesi-ImpiombatoA., CalifanoA., MigliazzaA., BhagatG. and Dalla-FaveraR., The DLEU2/miR-15a/16-1 cluster controls B cell proliferation and its deletion leads to chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Cancer Cell17 (2010), 28-40.
37.
LiuX., GuX., SunL., FlowersA.B., RademakerA.W., ZhouY. and KiyokawaH., Down-regulation of Smurf2, a tumor-suppressive ubiquitin ligase, in triple-negative breast cancers: Involvement of the RB-microRNA axis, BMC Cancer14 (2014), 57.
38.
ManganoA., ManganoA., LianosG.D., CassinottiE., RoukosD.H., DionigiG. and BoniL., Circulating free DNA in plasma or serum as biomarkers of carcinogenesis in colon cancer, Future Oncol11 (2015), 1455-1458.
39.
JiaL., HaoF., WangW. and QuY., Circulating miR-145 is associated with plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in acute ischemic stroke patients, Cell Biochem Funct33 (2015), 314-319.
40.
El-AkawiZ.J., Abu-AwadA.M., ShararaA.M. and KhaderY., The importance of alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) and neopterin serum levels in the evaluation of non-small cell lung and prostate cancer patients, Neuro Endocrinol Lett31 (2010), 113-116.
