The oxidation of aniline or a mixture of aniline with o-toluidine and p-toluidine following Runge's original method as carefully as possible, using chloride of lime [Ca(OCl)2], produces a coloured solution from which small amounts of mauveine were purified, isolated and analysed by LC-MS. The oxidation of aniline by the method of Fritsche and Beissenhirtz, using potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid, similar to W.H. Perkin's patented method, also gave small quantities of mauveine. The composition of the anilines are suggested depending upon their sources and Kekulé's comments on these early contributions are summarised.
PerkinW.H., The British coal tar industry: its origin, development, and decline (1915), ed. GardnerW.M.Kessinger Publishing LLC, Whitefish, Montana, pp. 141–187.
2.
PerkinW.H., J. Chem. Soc., 1896, 596.
3.
HofmannA.W., Ann. Chem. Pharm., 1843, 47, 37.
4.
UnverdorbenO., Ann. Phys. Chem., 1826, 84, 397.
5.
RungeF.F., Ann. Phys. Chem., 1834, 107, 65.
6.
FritscheJ., Bulletin Scientifique Publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg, 1840, 7(12), 161.
7.
FritzscheJ., J. Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1840, 36, 84.
8.
FritscheJ., J. Prakt. Chem., 1840, 20, 453.
9.
ZininN.N., J. Prakt. Chem., 1842, 27, 140.
10.
MitscherlichE., Ann. Pharm., 1834, 9, 39.
11.
KekuléA., Lehrbuch der organischen chemie. Ferdinand Enke, Erlangen, Germany, 1866, Vol. 2, p. 668. [Available at books.google.co.uk]
12.
PerkinW.H., J. Chem. Soc., 1869, 22, 25.
13.
BeissenhirtzF., Ann. Chem. Pharm., 1853, 87, 376.
14.
PerkinW.H., 1856, GB Patent No 1984, August 26th.
15.
PerkinW.H., Bleaching, dyeing and printing calico and other fabrics and yarns including the manufacture of rollers, engraving, the preparation of drugs and other processes. G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode, Great Seal Patent Office, Part I–IV, 1617–1883.
16.
Sérgio Seixas de MeloJ., TakatoS., SousaM., MeloM. J., and ParolaA. J., Chem. Commun., 2007, 2624.
17.
Meth-CohnO., and SmithM., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 5.
18.
SousaM.M., MeloM. J., ParolaA. J., MorrisP. J. T., RzepaH. S., and Sérgio Seixas de MeloJ., Chem.-Eur. J., 2008, 14, 8507.
19.
DaleJ., and CaroH., 1860, GB Patent No 1307, May 26th.
20.
PlaterM.J., and RaabA., J. Chem. Res., 2015, 39, 180.
21.
da Conceicao OliveiraM., DiasA., DouglasP., and Sérgio Seixas de MeloJ., Chem.-Eur. J., 2014, 20, 1808.
22.
AnftB., J. Chem. Ed., 1955, 32, 566.
23.
PlaterM.J., HarrisonW. T. A., and RzepaH. S., J. Chem. Res., 2015, 39, 711.
24.
CanamaresM.V., ReaganD. A., LombardiJ. R., and LeonaM., J. Raman Spec., 2014, 45, 1147.
