Field dependence-independence is a possible social-psychological variable which contributes to inter-ethnic group differences. 40 Grade 6 children equally divided by race (Negro and white) and by sex were administered the Embedded-figures Test. High scores, indicating field dependence, of the black girls accounted for most of the significant differences due to race and sex.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
DeregowskiJ. B.BythW.Hudson's pictures in Pandora's box. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1970, 1, 315–323.
2.
du PreezP. D.Social change and field dependence in South Africa. Journal of Social Psychology, 1968, 76, 265–266.
3.
IrvineS. H.Affect and constructs: a cross-cultural check on theories of intelligence. Journal of Social Psychology, 1970, 80, 23–30.
4.
JacksonD. N.A short form of Witkin's Embedded-figures Test. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1956, 53, 254–255.
5.
KarpS.SilbermanL.WintersS.Psychological differentiation and socioeconomic status. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1969, 28, 55–60.
6.
LesserG. S.FiferG.ClarkD. H.Mental abilities of children from different social-class and cultural groups. Monographs of Society for Research in Child Development, 1965, 30, No. xxx.
7.
OkonjiM. O.The differential effects of rural and urban upbringing on the development of cognitive styles. International Journal of Psychology, 1969, 4, 293–305.
8.
PandeC. G.Sex differences in field dependence: confirmation with Indian sample. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1970, 31, 70.
9.
PrealeI.AmirY.SharanS.Perceptual articulation and task effectiveness in several Israeli subcultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1970, 15, 190–195.
10.
SegallM. H.CampbellD. T.HerskovitsM. J.The influence of culture on visual perception. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1966.
11.
StodolskyS. S.LesserG.Learning patterns in the disadvanataged. Harvard Educational Review, 1967, 37, 546–593.
12.
WitkinH. A.Individual differences in ease of perception of embedded figures. Journal of Personality, 1950, 19, 1–15.
13.
WitkinH. A.The problem of individuality in development. In KaplanB.WarnerS. (Eds.), Perspectives in psychological theory. New York: Univer. Press, 1960. Pp. 31–59.
14.
WitkinH. A.Psychological differentiation. New York: Wiley, 1962.
15.
WitkinH. A.Origins of cognitive style. In SheererC. (Ed.), Cognition: theory, research, promise. New York: Harper & Row, 1964. Pp. 172–181.
16.
WitkinH. A.AschS. E.Studies in space orientation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1948, 38, 603–614.
