This article looks at recorded Stop and Search activity in a southern English county from April 2003 to March 2006. The discussion explores the distribution of Stops and Searches and arrests made by police officers in the county, followed by an analysis of the demographic characteristics. The analysis of police recorded statistics offers the opportunity to identify patterns and trends in the police tactic which can influence and inform policing policy. It can identify whether the power falls unequally against certain sections of the population and/or whether the patterns are because of the deployment of resources based on the crime control strategy of the southern English police service area. These factors have implications for the service delivery role of police officers in the southern English county.
AllenJ.KornyM.E.LovbakkeJ.RoyH. (2005) Policing and the Criminal Justice System: Public Confidence and Perceptions: Findings from the 2003/04 British Crime Survey. London: Home Office.
2.
AllenJ.EdmondsS.PattersonA.SmithD. (2006) Policing and the Criminal Justice System: Public Confidence and Perceptions: Findings from the 2004/05 British Crime Survey. London: Home Office.
Audit Commission (1999) Safety in Numbers: Promoting Community Safety. London: Audit Commission.
5.
BantonM. (1987) Racial Theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6.
BlandN.MillerJ.QuintonP. (2000a) Upping the PACE? An Evaluation of Recommendations of the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry Report on Stops and Searches. Police Research Series Paper 128. London: Home Office.
7.
BlandN.MillerJ.QuintonP. (2000b) Managing the Use and Impact of Searches: A Review of Force Interventions. Police Research Series Paper 132. London: Home Office.
8.
BournC. (1986) ‘Conclusion: The Police, the Acts and the Public’, in BenyonJ.BournC. (eds), The Police: Powers, Procedures and Proprieties. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp.45–52.
9.
BraithwaiteJ. (1989) Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10.
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News Online (2008) Officers to Use Own Judgement. Available online at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7428895.stm (accessed 30 May 2008).
11.
BrogdenM. (1982) The Police: Autonomy and Consent. London: Academic Press.
12.
BullockM. (1996) ‘Policing and Public Disorder in the United Kingdom’, in Ignatius-EbbeO.N. (ed.), Comparative and International Criminal Justice Systems: Policing, Judiciary and Corrections. London: Butterworth-Heinemann, pp.43–56.
13.
CashmoreE. (2001) ‘The Experiences of Ethnic Minority Police Officers in Britain: Under-Recruitment and Racial Profiling in a Performance Culture’Ethnic and Racial Studies24(4): 642–59.
14.
CathcartB. (2002) The Case of Stephen Lawrence. London: Penguin.
15.
DixonD. (1995) ‘Revising ‘Police Powers’: Legal Theories and Policing Practices in Historical and Contemporary Contexts’, in NoaksL.LeviM.MaguireM. (eds), Contemporary Issues in Criminology. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp.128–74.
16.
FarringtonD.P.BurrowsX. (1993) ‘Did Shoplifting Really Decrease?’British Journal of Criminology3: 57–69.
17.
FitzgeraldM. (1999) Final Report into Stop and Search. London: Metropolitan Police Service.
18.
FitzgeraldM.SibbittR. (1997) Ethnic Monitoring in Police Forces: A Beginning. Home Office Research Study No. 173. London: Home Office.
19.
FitzgeraldM.HoughM.JosephI.QureshiT. (2002) Policing for London. Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
20.
FlanaganR. (2008) The Review of Policing: Final Report. London: Home Office.
21.
GoldsteinH. (1990) Problem-Oriented Policing. New York: McGraw-Hill.
22.
HallamS. (2000) ‘Effective and Efficient Policing: Some Problems with the Culture of Performance’, in MarlowA.LovedayB. (eds), After Macpherson: Policing after the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. Lyme Regis: Russell House Publishing, pp.89–96.
23.
HansenO. (1986) ‘A Balanced Approach?’, in BenyonJ.BournC. (eds), The Police: Powers, Procedures and Proprieties. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp.103–14.
24.
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) (1998) Winning the Race: Policing Plural Communities. London: Home Office.
HirstM. (1990) The ACPO Statement of Common Purpose and Values: New Scotland Yard. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
27.
Home Office (1998) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 1998: A Home Office Publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. London: Home Office.
28.
Home Office (1999) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 1999: A Home Office Publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. London: Home Office.
29.
Home Office (2000) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2000: A Home Office Publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. London: Home Office.
30.
Home Office (2001) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2001: A Home Office Publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. London: Home Office.
31.
Home Office (2002) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2002: A Home Office Publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. London: Home Office.
32.
Home Office (2003) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2003: A Home Office Publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. London: Home Office.
33.
Home Office (2004a) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2004: A Home Office Publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. London: Home Office.
34.
Home Office (2004b) Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984: Codes of Practice A–G. London: The Stationery Office.
35.
Home Office (2005) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2005: A Home Office Publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. London: Home Office.
36.
Home Office (2006) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2006 A Home Office Publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. London: Home Office.
37.
IgnatieffM. (1979) ‘Police and People: The Birth of Mr Peel's Blue Locusts’New Society30: 433–55.
38.
JanssonK. (2006) Black and Minority Ethnic Groups' Experiences and Perceptions of Crime: Findings from the 2004/05 British Crime Survey. London: Home Office.
39.
JanssonK. (2007) Measuring Crime for 25 Years. London: Home Office.
40.
JeffersonT.GrimshawR. (1984) Controlling the Constable: Police Accountability in England and Wales. London: Frederick Muller.
41.
JonesA.SingerL. (2007) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System. London: Ministry of Justice.
42.
LambertJ. L. (1986) Police Powers and Accountability. London: Croom Helm.
43.
LoaderI. (1996) Youth, Policing and Democracy. London: Macmillan.
44.
MaddockJ.MarlowA. (1997) ‘A Study of the Use of Stop and Search Powers in Bedfordshire’, unpublished, University of Luton.
45.
MayT.WarburtonH.TurbullP.J.HoughM. (2002) Times They are A-changing: Policing of Cannabis. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
46.
MesserschmidtJ. (1993) Masculinities in Crime: Critique and Reconceptualisation of Theory. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
47.
MillerJ.BlandN.QuintonP. (2000a). The Impact of Stops and Searches on Crime and the Community. Police Research Series Paper 127. London: Home Office.
48.
MillerJ.QuintonP.BlandN. (2000b) Police Stops and Searches: Lessons from a Programme of Research. Home Office Briefing Note, Police Research Series Papers 127–132. London: Home Office.
49.
MooneyJ.YoungJ. (1999) Social Exclusion and Criminal Justice: Ethnic Minorities and Stop and Search in North London. Middlesex University: Middlesex Centre for Criminology.
50.
MVA and Miller, J. (2000) Profiling Populations Available for Stops and Searches. Police Research Series Paper 131. London: Home Office.
51.
PearsonG. (1994) ‘Youth, Crime and Society’, in MaguireM.MorganR.ReinerR. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (3rd edn). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.7–50.
52.
PhillipsA. (2006) Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual: A Compilation of Documents to Support the Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for the Roma and Sinti. Available online at: http://www.europeandialogue.org/reports/resource_manual.doc (accessed 26 March 2007).
53.
QuintonP.BlandN.MillerJ. (2000) Under Suspicion: Police Stops, Decision-Making and Practice. Police Research Series Paper 130. London: Home Office.
54.
SalisburyH.UpsonA. (2004) Ethnicity, Victimisation and the Worry about Crime: Findings from the 2001/02 and 2002/03 British Crime Surveys. Home Office Research Paper 237. London: Home Office.
55.
SpencerA.B.HoughM. (2000) Policing Diversity: Lessons from Lambeth. Policing and Reducing Crime Unit Paper 121. London: Home Office.
56.
StoneV.PettigrewN. (2000) The Views of the Public on Stops and Searches. Police Research Series Paper 129. London: Home Office.
57.
WaddingtonP.A.J.StensonK.DonD. (2004) ‘In Proportion: Race and Police Stop and Search’British Journal of Criminology44: 889–914.
