Previously,1 key issues surrounding the 2008 Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) were examined,2 including evidence-based ratings, initial resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, vasopressor support, and the role of the pharmaceutical industry in the SSC. In part 2 of this series, the recommendations for corticotherapy, intensive insulin therapy, activated protein C, blood transfusions, and selective digestive tract decontamination are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
KimborowiczK., ThomasZ.Highlights from the 2008 Surviving Sepsis Campaign, part 1. Hosp Pharm.2008; 43(6): 454–460.
2.
DellingerR.P., LevyM.M., CarletJ.M.; International Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med.2008; 36(1): 296–327.
3.
DellingerR.P., CarletJ.M., MasurH.Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock [published correction appears in Crit Care Med. 2004;32(6): 1448, 2169–2170]. Crit Care Med.2004; 32(3): 858–873.
4.
AnnaneD., SébilleV., CharpentierC.Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA.2002; 288(7): 862–871.
5.
SprungC.L., AnnaneD., KehD.; CORTICUS Study Group. Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med.2008; 358(2): 111–124.
6.
AnnaneD., SébilleV., TrochéG., RaphaëlJ.C., GajdosP., BellissantE.A 3-level prognostic classification in septic shock based on cortisol levels and cortisol response to corticotropin. JAMA.2000; 283(8): 1038–1045.
7.
RichéF.C., BoutronC.M., ValleurP.Adrenal response in patients with septic shock of abdominal origin: relationship to survival. Intensive Care Med.2007; 33(10): 1761–1766.
8.
BernardG.R., VincentJ.L., LaterreP.F.; Recombinant Human Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) study group. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med.2001; 344(10): 699–709.
9.
LewisK.S., Kane-GillS.L., BobekM.B., DastaJ.F.Intensive insulin therapy for critically ill patients. Ann Pharmacother.2004; 38(7-8): 1243–1251.
10.
CorstjensA.M., van der HorstI.C., ZijlstraJ.G.Hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients: marker or mediator of mortality?Crit Care.2006; 10(3): 216.
11.
van den BergheG., WoutersP., WeekersF.Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med.2001; 345(19): 1359–1367.
12.
FinneyS.J., ZekveldC., EliaA., EvansT.W.Glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients. JAMA.2003; 290(15): 2041–2047.
13.
Van den BergheG., WilmerA., HermansG.Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med.2006; 354(5): 449–461.
14.
BrunkhorstF.M., EngelC., BloosF.; German Competence Network Sepsis (SepNet). Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med.2008; 358(2): 125–139.
KrinsleyJ.S., GroverA.Severe hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: risk factors and outcomes. Crit Care Med.2007; 35(10): 2262–2267.
17.
EgiM., BellomoR., StachowskiE., FrenchC.J., HartG.Variability of blood glucose concentration and short-term mortality in critically ill patients. Anesthesiology.2006; 105(2): 244–252.
18.
WienerR.S., WienerD.C., LarsonR.J.Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA.2008; 300(8): 933–944.
19.
SweeneyD.A., DannerR.L., EichackerP.Q.Once is not enough: clinical trials in sepsis. Intensive Care Med.2008; 34(11): 1955–1960.
20.
GårdlundB.Activated protein C (Xigris) treatment in sepsis: a drug in trouble. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2006; 50(8): 907–910.
21.
AbrahamE., LaterreP.F., GargR.Drotrecogin alfa (activated) for adults with severe sepsis and a low risk of death. N Engl J Med.2005; 353(13): 1332–1341.
22.
Martí-CarvajalA., SalantiG., CardonaA.F.Human recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.; (1): CD004388.
23.
SweeneyD.A., NatansonC., EichackerP.Q.Recombinant human activated protein C, package labeling, and hemorrhage risks. Crit Care Med.2009; 37(1): 327–329.
24.
FinferS., RanieriV.M., ThompsonB.T.Design, conduct, analysis and reporting of a multi-national placebo-controlled trial of activated protein C for persistent septic shock. Intensive Care Med.2008; 34(11): 1935–1947.
25.
HébertP.C., WellsG., BlajchmanM.A.A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med.1999; 340(6): 409–417.
26.
CorwinH.L., GettingerA., PearlR.G.Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA.2002; 288(22): 2827–2835.
27.
CorwinH.L., GettingerA., FabianT.C.; EPO Critical Care Trials Group. Efficacy and safety of epoetin alfa in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med.2007; 357(10): 965–976.
28.
ZarychanskiR., TurgeonA.F., McIntyreL., FergussonD.A.Erythropoietin-receptor agonists in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ.2007; 177(7): 725–734.
29.
HammondJ.M., PotgieterP.D.Is there a role for selective decontamination of the digestive tract in primarily infected patients in the ICU?Anaesth Intensive Care.1995; 23(2): 168–174.
30.
VivianiM., SilvestriL., van SaeneH.K., GulloA.Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines: selective decontamination of the digestive tract still neglected. Crit Care Med.2005; 33(2): 462–463; author reply 463–464.
31.
SingerM.The surviving sepsis guidelines: evidence-based…or evidence-biased?Crit Care Resusc.2006; 8(3): 244–245.
32.
AlmuslimO., ButlerR.Best evidence in critical care medicine: selective digestive decontamination decreases mortality and morbidity in the intensive care. Can J Anaesth.2004; 51(7): 737–739.