This paper reviews some of the more important areas of oral medicine where significant advances have been made in the past decade. There have been developments in the definition of new entities causing orofacial pain, and new therapies. Oral cancer has been recognised as increasing in incidence and the genetic basis is becoming clearer, along with improvements in early diagnostic techniques and treatment. The basis of aphthae is being unravelled and new therapies are appearing. There is greater under-standing of the aetiopathogenesis and treatment of various dermatoses that present in the mouth. Treatment and prevention of leukoplakias is improving and the importance of candidosis has become evident.
BroggiG, FerroliP, FranziniA, ServelloD, DonesI.Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: comments on a series of 250 cases, including 10 patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2000;68:59–64.
5.
BenolielR, SharavY.SUNCT syndrome: case report and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod1998;85:158–61.
GruppoR, GlueckCJ, McMahonRE, BouquotJ, RabinovichBA, BeckerA. The patho-physiology of alveolar osteonecrosis of the jaw: anticardiolipin antibodies, thrombophilia, and hypofibrinolysis. J Lab Clin Med1996;127:481–8.
8.
GlueckCJ, McMahonRE, BouquotJE, TriplettD, GruppoR, WangP.Heterozygosity for the Leiden mutation of the factor V gene, a common patho-etiology for osteonecrosis of the jaw, with thrombophilia augmented by exogenous estrogens. J Lab Clin Med1997;130:540–3.
9.
FormakerBK, MottAE, FrankME.The effects of topical anesthesia on oral burning in burning mouth syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci1998;855:776–80.
10.
CliffordTJ, WarsiMJ, BurnettCA, LameyPJ.Burning mouth in Parkinson's disease sufferers. Gerodontology1998;15:73–8.
11.
MarbachJJ.Medically unexplained chronic orofacial pain. Temporomandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome, orofacial phantom pain, burning mouth syndrome, and trigeminal neuralgia. Med Clin North Am1999;83:691–710, vi–vii.
12.
Tammiala-SalonenT, ForssellH.Trazodone in burning mouth pain: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Orofac Pain1999;13:83–8.
13.
ForemanPA.The changing focus of chronic temporomandibular disorders: management within a hospital-based, multidisciplinary pain centre. N Z Dent J1998;94:23–31.
14.
PrinceS, BaileyBM.Squamous carcinoma of the tongue: review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg1999;37:164–74.
15.
MacFarlaneGJ, BoyleP, EvstifeevaT, RobertsonC, ScullyC.Rising trends of oral cancer mortality in males worldwide: the return of an old public health problem. Cancer Causes and Control1994;5:259–65.
16.
ScullyC, FieldJK, TanazawaH.Genetic aberrations in oral or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (1). Oral Oncol2000;37: In press.
17.
RodriguesVC, MossSM, TuomainenH.Oral cancer in the UK: to screen or not to screen. Oral Oncol1998;34:454–65.
18.
BrennanJA, BoyleJO, KochWM, GoodmanSN, HrubanRH, EbyYJ. Association between cigarette smoking and mutation of the p53 gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med1995;332:712–7.
19.
LeviF, RandimbisonL, TeVC, La VecchiaC.Second primary cancers in patients with lung carcinoma. Cancer1999;86(1):186–90.
20.
SciubbaJand The U.S. Collaborative OralC Dx Study Group. Improving detection of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions: computer-assisted analysis of the oral brush biopsy. J Am Dent Assoc1999;130:1445–57.
21.
ScullyC, Ward-BoothRP.Detection and treatment of early cancers of the oral cavity. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol1995;21(1–3):63–75.
22.
ScullyC, FieldJK, TanazawaH.Genetic aberrations in oral or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (3). Oral Oncology2000;37: In press.
23.
Ward-BoothP, ScullyC.The management of mouth cancer. Postgrad Doctor1992;15:166–75 and Postgrad Dentist 1992;5:65–71.
24.
GrantWE, SpeightPM, HopperC, BownSG.Photo-dynamic therapy: an effective, but non-selective treatment for superficial cancers of the oral cavity. Int J Cancer1997;71:937–42.
25.
KublerA, HaaseT, RheinwaldM, BarthT, MuhlingJ.Treatment of oral leukoplakia by topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg1998;27:466–9.
26.
AllisonPJ, LockerD, FeineJS.The relationship between dental status and health-related quality of life in upper aerodigestive tract cancer patients. Oral Oncol1999;35:138–43.
27.
de GraeffA, Van deLeeuwJr, RosWJ, HordijkGJ, BlijhamGH, WinnubstJA.A prospective study on quality of life of patients with cancer of the oral cavity or oropharynx treated with surgery with or without radiotherapy. Oral Oncol1999;35:27–32.
28.
GritzER, CarmackCL, de MoorC, CoscarelliA, SchachererCW, MeyersEG. First year after head and neck cancer: quality of life. J Clin Oncol1999;17:352–60.
29.
HasanA, ChilderstoneA, PervinK, ShinnickT, MizushimaY, Van der ZeeR. Recognition of a unique peptide epitope of the mycobacterial and human heat shock protein 65–60 antigen by T cells of patients with recurrent oral ulcers. Clin Exp Immunol1995;99:392–7.
30.
FreysdottirJ, LauS, FortuneF.Gammadelta T cells in Behcet's disease (BD) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Clin Exp Immunol1999;118:451–7.
KrauseI, RosenY, KaplanI, MiloG, GuedjD, MoladY. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis in Behcet's disease: clinical features and correlation with systemic disease expression and severity. J Oral Pathol Med1999;28:193–6.
33.
SakaneT, TakenoM, SuzukiN, InabaG.Behcet's disease. N Engl J Med1999;341:1284–91.
34.
GhateJV, JorizzoJL.Behcet's disease and complex aphthosis. J Am Acad Dermatol1999;40:1–18.
35.
TanakaT, YamakawaN, KoikeN, SuzukiJ, MizunoF, UsuiM.Behcet's disease and antibody titers to various heat-shock protein 60s. Ocul Immunol Inflamm1999;7:69–74.
36.
GuptaSK, GuptaRC, SethAK, GuptaAB, BassinJK, GuptaDK. Epidemiological evaluation of recurrent stomatitis, nitrates in drinking water, and cytochrome b5 reductase activity. Am J Gastroenterol1999;94:1808–12.
37.
ChandrasekharJ, LiemAA, CoxNH, PatersonAW.Oxypentifylline in the management of recurrent aphthous oral ulcers: an open clinical trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod1999;87:564–7.
38.
HaraA, MurataT, UemuraR, MiuraT, FukuiK, MatsukawaH. Identification of connexins in human oral mucosa and therapeutic effect of irsogladine maleate on aphthous stomatitis. J Gastroenterol1999;34:1–6.
39.
JacobsonJM, SpritzlerJ, FoxL, FaheyJL, JacksonJB, ChernoffM. Thalidomide for the treatment of esophageal aphthous ulcers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease AIDS Clinical Trials Group. J Infect Dis1999;180:61–7.
40.
PadehS, BrezniakN, ZemerD, PrasE, LivnehA, LangevitzP. Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenopathy syndrome: clinical characteristics and outcome. J Pediatr1999;135:98–101.
41.
ScullyC, CarrozzoM, GandolfoS, PuiattiP, MonteilR.Update on mucous membrane pemphigoid: a heterogeneous immune-mediated subepithelial blistering entity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod1999;88:56–68.
42.
LeeLA, WalshP, PraterCA, SuLJ, MarchbankA, EgbertTB. Characterization of an autoantigen associated with chronic ulcerative stomatitis: the CUSP autoantigen is a member of the p53 family. J Invest Dermatol1999;113:146–51.
43.
KochP, BahmerFA.Oral lesions and symptoms related to metals used in dental restorations: a clinical, allergological, and histologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol1999;41(3 Pt 1):422–30.
44.
YianniasJA, el-AzharyRA, HandJH, PakzadSY, RogersRS3rd. Relevant contact sensitivities in patients with the diagnosis of oral lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol2000;42:177–82.
45.
GroteM, ReichartPA, HopfU.[Increased occurrence of oral lichen planus in hepatitis C infection.] Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir1999;3:30–3.
46.
ScullyC, BeyliM, FeirreroM, FicarraG, GillY, GriffithsM. Update on oral lichen planus: aetiopathogenesis and management. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med1998;9:86–122.
47.
van der MeijEH, SchepmanKP, SmeeleLE, van der WalJE, BezemerD, van der WaalI.A review of the recent literature regarding malignant transformation of oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod1999;88:307–10.
48.
CarboneM, ConrottoD, CarrozzoM, BroccolettiR, GandolfoS, ScullyC.Topical corticosteroids in association with miconazole and chlorhexidine in the long-term management of atrophic-erosive oral lichen planus: a placebo-controlled and comparative study between clobetaso l and fluocinonide. Oral Dis1999;5:44–9.
49.
SardellaA, DemarosiF, OltolinaA, RimondiniL, CarrassiA.Efficacy of topical mesalazine compared with clobetasol propionate in treatment ofsymptomatic oral lichen planus. Oral Dis1998;4:255–9.
50.
VenteC, ReichK, RupprechtR, NeumannC.Erosive mucosal lichen planus: response to topical treatment with tacrolimus. Br J Dermatol1999;140:338–42.
51.
ShottsRH, ScullyC, AveryCM, PorterSR.Nico-randil-induced severe oral ulceration: a newly recognized drug reaction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod1999;87:706–7.
52.
NairUJ, NairJ, MathewB, BartschH.Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 null genotypes as risk factors for oral leukoplakia in ethnic Indian betel quid/tobacco chewers. Carcinogenesis1999;20:743–8.
53.
AllenCM.Viadent-related leukoplakia—the tip of the iceberg? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod1999;87:393–4.
54.
DammDD, CurranA, WhiteDK, DrummondJF.Leukoplakia of the maxillary vestibule—an association with Viadent? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.1999;87:61–6.
55.
MunroIC, DelzellES, NestmannER, LynchBS.Viadent Usage and Oral Leukoplakia: A Spurious Association. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol1999;30:182–96.
56.
EpsteinJB, ScullyC, SpinelliJJ.Toluidine blue and Lugol's iodine application in the assessment of oral malignant disease and lesions at risk of malignancy. J Oral Pathol Med1992;21:160–3.
57.
SchepmanKP, van der MeijEH, SmeeleLE, van der WaalI.Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a follow-up study of a hospital-based population of 166 patients with oral leukoplakia from The Netherlands. Oral Oncol1998;34:270–5.
58.
SuarezP, BatsakisJG, el-NaggarAK.Leukoplakia: still a gallimaufry or is progress being made? A review. Adv Anat Pathol1998;5:137–55.
59.
SaitoT, SugiuraC, HiraiA, NotaniK, TotsukaY, ShindohM. High malignant transformation rate of widespread multiple oral leukoplakias. Oral Dis1999;5:15–9.
60.
MartinGC, BrownJP, EiflerCW, HoustonGD.Oral leukoplakia status six weeks after cessation of smokeless tobacco use. J Am Dent Assoc1999;130:945–54.
61.
BüntzelJ, KüttnerK.Chemoprevention with interferon alfa and 13-cis retinoic acid in the adjunctive treatment of head and neck cancer. Auris Nasus Larynx1998;25:413–8.
62.
GarewalHS, KatzRV, MeyskensF, PitcockJ, MorseD, FriedmanS. Beta-carotene produces sustained remissions in patients with oral leukoplakia: results of a multicenter prospective trial. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1999;125:1305–10.
63.
GuptaPC, HebertJR, BhonsleRB, SinorPN, MehtaH, MehtaFS.Dietary factors in oral leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis in a population-based case control study in Gujarat, India. Oral Dis1998;4:200–6.
64.
CianfrigliaF, ManieriA, Di GregorioDA, Di IorioAM.Retinol dietary intake and oral leukoplakia development. J Exp Clin Cancer Res1998;17:331–6.
65.
LiN, SunZ, HanC, ChenJ.The chemopreventive effects of tea on human oral precancerous mucosa lesions. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med1999;220:218–24.
