In 1999 the US Department of Transportation's Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) issued new regulations and the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) issued new standards for rail passenger equipment crashworthiness. These new regulations and standards include conventional strength-based requirements for equipment used below 200km/h (125 mile/h), crashenergy management for equipment used above 200km/h (125 mile/h) and dynamic sled testing of occupant seats.
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