In welded components the toughness of the joint is of great concern. Imperfections, especially surface-breaking imperfections, can exist in the root region and these can lead to serious consequences. Results of impact testing root imperfections in friction stir welded 12 per cent Cr steel using a through-hole impact test are presented. Compared to tests taken from the parent material, the impact energy measured from certain welds, with a surface-breaking imperfection at the weld root was reduced significantly.
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