Anterior knee pain

Abstract

Idiopathic anterior knee pain, also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is common in young adults and athletes. Its aetiology is still not fully understood, and three major factors can be attributed to its aetiology: quadriceps muscle imbalance, lower extremity malalignment, and increased physical activity. It is essential to exclude any intra-articular pathology before diagnosing PFPS. The main presentation of PFPS is spontaneous onset of anterior knee pain exaggerated by increased physical activity. The mainstay of management is conservative in the form of a rehabilitation programme focusing on proprioception, strength, flexibility, endurance, and a gradual progression of the musculoskeletal load. Surgical management is maximized by accurately determining the source of the pain, and is most successful in patients who have an underlying mechanical abnormality.