The effect of nanohydroxyapatite (HA) coating on corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel was investigated. The stainless steel samples were pretreated in different volume concentrations of H2SO4 solution and were electrophoretically coated for various coating time spans and voltages. The coated samples were sintered in a vacuum furnace at different temperatures to modify the coating structure. The quality and morphology of the pretreated samples and the coating were microscopically characterised, and the compounds presented in the coatings were determined. The electrochemical corrosion test was performed in simulated body fluid to evaluate the coating impact on corrosion behaviour of the samples. The results showed that the deposition of nano-HA using moderate voltage and appropriate time span provides a smooth and almost cracked free coating, improving the corrosion resistance of the samples. Increasing the temperature of sintering modified the HA structure, resulting in the formation of denser coating and enhanced corrosion resistance of the samples.
WongJY, BronzinoJD and PetersonDR: ‘Biomaterials: principles and applications’, 1–22; 2013, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
2.
JacobsJJ, GilbertJL and UrbanRM: ‘Corrosion of metal orthopaedic implants’, J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 1998, 80, 268–282.
3.
ZhouH and LeeJ: ‘Nanoscale hydroxyapatite particles for bone tissue engineering’, Acta Biomater., 2011, 7, 2769–2781.
4.
SurmenevRA: ‘A review of plasma-assisted methods for calcium phosphate-based coatings fabrication’, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2012, 206, 2035–2056.
5.
KhandelwalH, SinghG, AgrawalK, PrakashS and AgarwalRD: ‘Characterization of hydroxyapatite coating by pulse laser deposition technique on stainless steel 316 L by varying laser energy’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2013, 265, 30–35.
6.
EnayatiMH, FathiMH and ZomorodianA: ‘Characterisation and corrosion properties of novel hydroxyapatite niobium plasma sprayed coating’, Surf. Eng., 2009, 25, 338–342.
7.
EsfahaniH, DabirF, TaheriM, SohrabiN and ToroghinejadMR: ‘Sol–gel derived hydroxyapatite coating on TiB2/TiB/Ti substrate’, Surf. Eng., 2012, 28, 526–531.
8.
DaihuaH, PingL, XinkuanL, XiaohongC, FengcangM, WeiL, CaixiaZ and JieyuanT: ‘Hydroxyapatite bioceramic coatings prepared by hydrothermal-electrochemical deposition method’, J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. Mater. Sci. Ed., 2014, 29, 398–400.
9.
Farrokhi-RadM, LoghmaniSK, ShahrabiT and KhanmohammadiS: ‘Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite nanostructured coatings with controlled porosity’, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2014, 34, 97–106.
10.
JavidiM, JavadpourS, BahrololoomME and MaM: ‘Electrophoretic deposition of natural hydroxyapatite on medical grade 316L stainless steel’, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2008, C28, 1509–1515.
11.
ChewKK, ZeinSHS, AhmadAL, McPhailDS and AbdullahMF: ‘The electrochemical studies of the corrosion resistance behaviour of hydroxyapatite coatings on stainless steel fabricated by electrophoretic deposition’, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2013, 19, 1123–1129.
12.
SridharT.M., Kamachi MudaliU. and SubbaiyanM., Sintering atmosphere and temperature effects on hydroxyapatite coated type 316L stainless steel, Corros. Sci., 2003, 45, 2337–2359.
13.
SeemaK, UmaB and SuchitaK: ‘Transformations in sol–gel synthesized nanoscale hydroxyapatite calcined under different temperatures and time conditions’, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2012, 21, 1737–1743.
14.
XiaoG.-Y, LuY.-P, ZhuR.-F, XuW.-H, WangA.-J and ZhanY.-J: ‘Effect of heat treatment on performance of hydroxyapatite coatings immersed in simulated body fluid’, Surf. Eng., 2009, 25, 136–140.
15.
SonmezS, AksakalB and DikiciB: ‘Corrosion protection of AA6061-T4 alloy by sol–gel derived micro and nano-scale hydroxyapatite (HA) coating’, J. Sol–Gel Sci. Technol., 2012, 3, 510–518.
16.
HuangY, DingQ, HanS, YanY and PangX: ‘Characterisation, corrosion resistance and in vitro bioactivity of manganese-doped hydroxyapatite films electrodeposited on titanium’, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2013, 24, 1853–1864.
17.
KannanS, BalamuruganA and RajeswariS: ‘Hydroxyapatite coatings on sulfuric acid treated type 316L SS and its electrochemical behaviour in Ringer's solution’, Mater. Lett., 2003, 57, 2382–2389.
18.
KannanS, BalamuruganA and RajeswariS: ‘H2SO4 as a passivating medium on the localised corrosion resistance of surgical 316L SS metallic implant and its effect on hydroxyapatite coatings’, Electrochim. Acta, 2004, 49, 2395–2403.
19.
KovačevićN, PihlarB, ŠelihVS and MiloševI: ‘The effect of pH value of a simulated physiological solution on the corrosion resistance of orthopaedic alloys’, Acta Chim. Slov., 2012, 59, 144–155.
20.
ParsapourA, KhorasaniSN and FathiMH: ‘Effect of surface treatment and metallic coating on corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of surgical 316L stainless steel implant’, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2012, 28, 125–131.
21.
HuY and MiaoX: ‘Comparison of hydroxyapatite ceramics and hydroxyapatite/borosilicate glass composites prepared by slip casting’, Ceram. Int., 2004, 30, 1787–1791.
22.
SridharTM, Kamachi MudaliU and SubbaiyanM: ‘Preparation and characterisation of electrophoretically deposited hydroxyapatite coatings on type 316L stainless steel’, Corros. Sci., 2003, 45, 237–252.
23.
YuanQ and GoldenTD: ‘Electrochemical study of hydroxyapatite coatings on stainless steel substrates’, Thin Solid Films, 2009, 518, 55–60.
24.
ZhitomirskyI and Gal-OrL: ‘Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite’, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 1997, 8, 213–219.
25.
EliazN, SridharT, Kamachi MudaliU and RajB: ‘Electrochemical and electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite for orthopaedic applications’, Surf. Eng., 2005, 21, 238–242.
26.
GoudarziM, BatmanghelichF, AfsharA, DolatiA and MortazaviG: ‘Development of electrophoretically deposited hydroxyapatite coatings on anodized nanotubular TiO2 structures: corrosion and sintering temperature’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 301, 250–257.
27.
TorresFJ, PanyayongW, RogersW, Velasquez-PlataD, OshidaY and MooreBK: ‘Corrosion behavior of sensitized duplex stainless steel’, Biomed. Mater. Eng., 1998, 8, 25–36.
28.
MizutaniT, UchidaS, FujishiroY and SatoY: ‘Synthesis of monodispersed hydroxyapatite using calcium polyphosphate gels as precursors’, Br. Ceram. Trans., 1998, 97, 105–111.
