Using non-linear longitudinal wave and non-linear surface wave, the effect of plastic deformation on the non-linear ultrasonic parameter of aluminium alloy AA 7009 was studied. The results reveal that the second-order non-linear coefficient (
) increased with increasing the plastic strain for both types of non-linear waves. A simple power–law relation was developed between the ratio of
and the plastic strain. The stress exponent index was found to be ∼2·35 and 1 for the non-linear longitudinal wave and the non-linear surface wave respectively. The difference of the non-linear ultrasonic responses was likely due to the microstructural difference between the near surface material and the material far away from the surface.
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) increased with increasing the plastic strain for both types of non-linear waves. A simple power–law relation was developed between the ratio of 
and the plastic strain. The stress exponent index was found to be ∼2·35 and 1 for the non-linear longitudinal wave and the non-linear surface wave respectively. The difference of the non-linear ultrasonic responses was likely due to the microstructural difference between the near surface material and the material far away from the surface.