Our article aims to answer the call for studies on new perspectives of complex projects and their governance. We adopt the social network approach to investigate the implications of network relations for the governance of project networks. We analyze quantitative and qualitative data following two theoretical models: flow and coordination. Our results show how the supply, contractual, and information networks influence the governance of project networks. We contribute to the literature explaining the dependence of the project network governance to network relations. It is necessary to use different theoretical models to analyze the coordination and control of complex project networks.
AholaT.LaitinenE.KujalaJ., & WikströmK. (2008). Purchasing strategies and value creation in industrial turnkey projects. International Journal of Project Management, 26(1), 87–94.
2.
BonacichP. (1987). Power and centrality: A family of measures. American Journal of Sociology, 92(5), 1170–1182.
3.
BorgattiS. P. (2002). Netdraw network visualization.Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.
4.
BorgattiS. P., & FosterP. C. (2003). The network paradigm in organizational research: A review and typology. Journal of Management, 29(6), 991–1013.
5.
BorgattiS. P., & HalginD. S. (2011). On network theory. Organization Science, 22(5), 1168–1181.
6.
BorgattiS. P., & LiX. (2009). On social network analysis in a supply chain context. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(2), 5–22.
7.
BorgattiS. P.EverettM. G., & FreemanL. (2002). Ucinet for Windows: software for social network analysis.Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.
8.
BorgattiS. P.EverettM. G., & JohnsonJ. C. (2013). Analyzing social networks.Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Limited.
9.
BradyT.DaviesA., & GannD. M. (2005). Creating value by delivering integrated solutions. International Journal of Project Management, 23(5), 360–365.
10.
BraziotisC.BourlakisM.RogersH., & TannockJ. (2013). Supply chains and supply networks: Distinctions and overlaps. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(6), 644–652.
11.
BriscoeG. H.DaintyA. R. J.MilletS. J., & NealeR. H. (2004). Client led strategies for construction supply chain improvement. Construction Management and Economics22(2), 193–201.
12.
BurtR. S. (1982). Toward a structural theory of action: Network models of social structure, perception, and action.New York, NY: Academic Press.
13.
CachonG. P., & LariviereM. A. (2005). Supply chain coordination with revenue–sharing contracts: Strengths and limitations. Management Science, 51(1), 30–44.
14.
CartwrightD., & HararyF. (1956). Structural balance: A generalization of Heider's theory. Psychological Review, 63(5), 277.
15.
ChoiT. Y., & KrauseD. R. (2006). The supply base and its complexity: Implications for transaction costs, risks, responsiveness, and innovation. Journal of Operations Management, 24(5), 637–652.
16.
ChoiT. Y., & HongY. (2002). Unveiling the structure of supply networks: Case studies in Honda, Acura, and DaimlerChrysler. Journal of Operations Management, 20(5), 469–493.
17.
ChoiT. Y., & WuZ. (2009). Triads in supply networks: Theorizing buyer–supplier–supplier relations. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(1), 8–25.
FergusonR. J.PaulinM., & BergeronJ. (2005). Contractual governance, relational governance, and the performance of interfirm service exchanges: The influence of boundary–spanner closeness. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33(2), 217–234.
20.
FestingerL. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance.Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson, 1.
21.
FreemanL. C. (1996). Some antecedents of social network analysis. Connections, 19(1), 39–42.
22.
FrenkenK. (2000). A complexity approach to innovation networks: The case of the aircraft industry (1909–1997). Research Policy, 29(2), 257–272.
23.
GereffiG.HumphreyJ., & SturgeonT. (2005). The governance of global value chains. Review of International Political Economy, 12(1), 78–104.
24.
JonesC.HesterlyW. S., & BorgattiS. P. (1997). A general theory of network governance: Exchange conditions and social mechanisms. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 911–945.
25.
JonesC., & LichtensteinB. B. (2008). Temporary inter–organizational projects: How temporal and social embeddedness enhance coordination and manage uncertainty. In: CropperS. (Eds.). The Oxford handbook of inter–organizational relations (pp. 231–255). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
26.
KenisP., & OerlemansL. (2008). The social network perspective: Understanding the structure of cooperation. In: CropperS. (Eds.). The Oxford handbook of inter–organizational relations (pp. 289–312). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
27.
KimY.ChoiT. Y.YanT, & DooleyK. (2011). Structural investigation of supply networks: A social network analysis approach. Journal of Operations Management, 29(3), 194–211.
28.
KleinR., & RaiA. (2009). Interfirm strategic information flows in logistics supply chain relations. MIS Quarterly, 33(4), 735–762.
KohT. Y. (2010). The effects of social capital on construction project success: Exploring the mediating role of project learning. Thesis. (Degree of Doctor of Philosophy). Program Real Estate and Construction. University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
31.
HåkanssonH., & JohansonJ. (1993). The network as a governance structure: Interfirm cooperation beyond markets and hierarchies. In: GrabherG. (Ed.). The embedded firm: On the socioeconomic of industrial networks (pp. 35–51). London, England: Routledge.
32.
HannemanR. A., & RiddleM. (2005). Introduction to social network methods.Riverside, CA: University of California.
33.
HeiderF. (1946). Attitudes and cognitive organization. The Journal of Psychology, 21(1), 107–112.
34.
HoltiR. (2011). Understanding institutional change in project–based organizing. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 47(3), 360–394.
35.
HossainL. (2009). Communications and coordination in construction projects. Construction Management and Economics, 27(1), 25–39.
36.
LambertD. M. (2006). Supply chain management. In: LambertD. M. (Ed). Supply chain management: Processes, partnerships, performance (pp. 1–24). Sarasota, Florida: Supply Chain Management Institute.
37.
LavikkaR. H.SmedsR., & JaatinenM. (2015). Coordinating collaboration in contractually different complex construction projects. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 20(2), 205–217.
38.
LundinR.ArvidssonN.BradyT.EkstedE.MidlerC., & SydowJ. (2015). Managing and working in project society: Institutional challenges of temporary organizations.Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
39.
MartinsA. C.MarquesR. C., & CruzC. O. (2011). Public–private partnerships for wind power generation: The Portuguese case. Energy Policy, 39(1), 94–104.
40.
NeuendorfK. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
41.
ObstfeldD. (2005). Social networks, the tertius iungens orientation, and involvement in innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(1), 100–130.
42.
PalaM.Edum-FotweF.RuikarK.DoughtyN., & PetersC. (2014). Contractor practices for managing extended supply chain tiers. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(1), 31–45.
43.
ParkH.HanS. H.RojasE. M.SonJ., & JungW. (2011). Social network analysis of collaborative ventures for overseas construction projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(5), 344–355.
44.
ParkerG. G., & AndersonE. G. (2002). From buyer to integrator: The transformation of the supply-chain manager in the vertically disintegrating firm. Production and Operations Management, 11(1), 75–91.
45.
PilbeamC.AlvarezG., & WilsonH. (2012). The governance of supply networks: A systematic literature review. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(4), 358–376.
46.
PodolnyJ. M., & PageK. L. (1998). Network forms of organization. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 57–76.
47.
ProvanK. G. (1983). The federation as an interorganizational linkage network. Academy of Management Review, 8(1), 79–89.
48.
ProvanK. G., & MilwardH. B. (1995). A preliminary theory of interorganizational network effectiveness: A comparative study of four community mental health systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 1–33.
49.
PrykeS. D. (2004). Analyzing construction project coalitions: Exploring the application of social network analysis. Construction Management and Economics, 22(8), 787–797.
50.
PrykeS. D. (2005). Towards a social network theory of project governance. Construction Management and Economics, 23(9), 927–939.
51.
PrykeS. D. (2012). Social network analysis in construction.Oxford, England: Wiley Blackwell.
52.
PrykeS. D., & SmythH. S. (Eds.). (2006). The management of complex projects: A relationship approach.Oxford, England: Blackwell.
53.
RapoportA. (1963). Mathematical models of social interaction. In: LuceR. D.BushR. R., & EugeneG. E.Handbook of mathematical psychology (Vol. II, pp. 493–579). New York, NY: John Wiley and Son.
54.
RuuskaI.AholaT.ArttoK.LocatelliG., & ManciniM. (2011). A new governance approach for multi–firm projects: Lessons from Olkiluoto 3 and Flamanville 3 nuclear power plant projects. International Journal of Project Management, 29(6), 647–660.
55.
RuuskaI.ArttoK.AaltonenK., & LehtonenP. (2009). Dimensions of distance in a project network: Exploring Olkiluoto 3 nuclear power plant project. International Journal of Project Management, 27(2), 142–153.
56.
ScottJ. (2000). Social network analysis: A handbook.London, England: Sage.
57.
ShahS. K., & CorleyK. G. (2006). Building better theory by bridging the quantitative–qualitative divide. Journal of Management Studies, 43(8), 1821–1835.
58.
SimmelG. (1950). The triad. In: WolffK. H. (Ed.). The Sociology of Georg Simmel (pp. 145–169). Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
59.
SonJ. W., & RojasE. M. (2011). Evolution of collaboration in temporary project teams: An agent–based modeling and simulation approach. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(8), 619–628.
60.
TaylorD. A. (2004). Supply chains: A manager's guide.Boston, MA: Addison–Wesley.
61.
TodevaE. (2006). Business networks: Strategy and structure.London, England: Routledge.
62.
WassermanS., & FaustK. (1999). Social network analysis: Methods and applications.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
63.
WinchG. M. (2001). Governing the project process: A conceptual framework. Construction Management & Economics, 19(8), 799–808.
64.
ZaheerA.GözübüyükR., & MilanovH. (2010). It's the connections: The network perspective in interorganizational research. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(1), 62–77.
