Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with chronic renal failure. The causes of renal transplant dysfunction include perinephric fluid collections, vascular complications, hydronephrosis, and rejection. Ultrasound examination provides valuable information regarding the cause of graft dysfunction. Postoperative complications can be assessed using gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound. Sonography is also useful in renal biopsy to determine the precise cause of graft dysfunction.
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