Ultrasound is an accurate, noninvasive means of evaluating patients for puncture site compli cations after invasive procedures. The range of potential complications includes hematomas, ecchymosis, pseudoaneurysms, and arterio venous fistulas. Further, lymphadenopathy visualized near the puncture site could be confused with other abnormalities. The complete ultrasound examination combines a grey scale study to obtain anatomical and spatial information with a Doppler evaluation of blood flow from both normal and abnormal areas. Ultra sound-guided compression repair of puncture injuries requires precise localization of abnormal vascular communications to achieve proper transducer placement. Color Doppler imaging can often allow these examinations to be per formed in a more expedient and thorough fashion, while reducing the operator dependence associated with conventional duplex Doppler.
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