Women with preexisting diabetes mellitus are at higher risk than others to give birth to an infant with congenital anomalies. Sonographic examination aids in the detection of these anomalies during pregnancy. The fetal anomalies associated with preexisting diabetes, including anencephaly, holoprosencephaly, occipital encephalocele, spina bifida, cardiac defects, situs inversus, duodenal atresia, anal atresia, and femoral hypoplasia, are reviewed. The sonographic appearance of several of the anomalies is illustrated.
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