With the advent of real-time sonography of the upper abdomen, the spleen is no longer an inaccessible organ. Real-time imaging is preferable to other conventional diagnostic methods because of its simplicity and accuracy in evaluation of the spleen and the determination of its relationship to other organs. This review of the literature details the diagnosis of splenic pathology by sonography and includes a discussion of the significance of these findings.
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8. Fefer A: Diseases of the spleen and reticuloendothelial system, in Isselbacher KJ, et al (eds): Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1980, pp 1581-1583.
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9. Gordon DH, Burrell MI, Levin DC, et al: Wandering spleen-the radiological and clinical spectrum. Radiology1977;125:39-46.
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13. Subramanyam BR, Balthazar EJ, Horii SC: Sonography of the accessory spleen. AJR1984;143:47-49.
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14. Pietri H, Boscaini M: Determination of a splenic volumetric index by ultrasonic scanning. J Ultrasound Med1984;3:19-23.
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15. Taylor KJW, Milan J: Differential diagnosis of chronic splenomegaly by grey-scale ultrasonography: Clinical observations and digital A-scan analysis. Br J Radiol1976;49:519-525.
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16. Carroll BA, Ta HN: The ultrasonic appearance of extranodal abdominal lymphoma. Radiology1984;151: 181-185.
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17. Bhimji SD, Cooperberg PL, Naiman S, et al: Ultrasound diagnosis of splenic cysts. Radiology1977;122:787-789.
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18. Kaufman RA, Silver TM, Wesley JR: Preoperative diagnosis of splenic cysts in children by gray scale ultrasonography. J Ped Surg1979;14:450-454.
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26. Taylor KJW: Atlas of Ultrasonography. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1985, pp 693-730.
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27. Cunningham JJ: Ultrasonic findings in isolated lymphoma of the spleen simulating splenic abscess. J Clin Ultrasound1978;6:412-414.
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28. Murphy JF, Bernardino ME: The sonographic findings of splenic metastases. J Clin Ultrasound1979;7:195-197.
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29. Harell GS, Breiman RS, Glatstein EJ, et al: Computed tomography of the abdomen in the malignant lymphomas. Radiol Clin North Am1977;15:391-391.
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30. Siler J, Hunter TB, Weiss J, et al: Increased echogenicity of the spleen in benign and malignant disease. AJR1980;134:1011-1014.
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31. Bernardino ME, Thomas JL, Barnes PA, et al: Diagnostic approach to liver and spleen metastases. Radiol Clin North Am1982:20.
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32. deGraff CS, Taylor KJW, Jacobson P: Gray scale echography of the spleen: Follow-up in 67 patients. Ultrasound Medicine Biology1979;5:13-21.
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33. Glees JP, Taylor KJW, Gazet JC, et al: Accuracy of gray scale ultrasonography of liver and spleen in Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas compared with isotope scans. Clin Radiol1977;28:223-238.
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34. Chulay JD, Lankerani MR: Splenic abscess-report of 10 cases and review of the literature. Am J Med1976;61:513-513.
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35. Sengupta D, Mukhergi B: Amebic abscess of the spleen. J Ind Med Assoc1975;64:45-47.
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36. Ralls PW, Quinn MF, Coletti P. et al: Sonography of pyogenic splenic abscess. AJR1982;138:523-525.
37.
37. Doust BD, Quiroz F, Stewart JM: Ultrasonic distinction of abscesses from other intra-abdominal fluid collections. Radiology1977;125:213-213.
38.
38. Sommer FG, Goonzalez R, Taylor KJW: Computed tomography and ultrasound findings of a gas-containing splenic abscess. Yale J Biol Med1980;53:161-163.
39.
39. Rutkow IM: Rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis: A clinical review. Arch Surg1978;113:718-720.
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40. Levy JM, Wasserman PI, Weiland DE: Nonsuppurative gas formation in the spleen after transcatheter splenic infarction. Radiology1981;139:375-376.
41.
41. Miller KB, Kuligowski E, Rich DH: Ultrasonic demonstration of splenic rupture in infectious mononucleosis. J Clin Ultrasound1981;9:519-520.
42.
42. Shirkhoda A, McCartney WH, Staab EV, et al: Imaging of the spleen: A proposed algorithm. AJR1980;135: 195-198.
43.
43. Johnson MA, Cooperberg PL, Beisvert J, et al: Spontaneous splenic rupture in infectious mononucleosis: Sonographic diagnosis and follow-up. AJR1981;136: 111-114.
