The increasing percentage of college musicians living with mental illness and anxiety, specifically music performance anxiety (MPA), suggests the need for an anxiety reduction program to be instilled within university programs. Using entrainment as a grounding framework, the purpose of this literature review was to synthesize research on mindfulness, entrainment, and non-sleep deep rest (NSDR) to propose that such protocols could offer potential benefits for increasing focus and reducing MPA in college music students. I concluded with proposing that there may be potential for studying the effects of mindfulness, entrainment, and NSDR practices simultaneously.
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